Antimicrobial resistance
Antimicrobial resistance ( 4 Questions)
A nurse is administering gentamicin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, to a client with a severe gram-negative infection. The nurse should monitor the client for signs of nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity, which are potential adverse effects of this antibiotic.
The nurse should also be aware that these adverse effects are:
Choice A is wrong because dose-dependent and reversible implies that the adverse effects can be reversed by lowering the dose or stopping the therapy, which is not true for aminoglycosides.
This means that the higher the dose and the longer the duration of aminoglycoside therapy, the greater the risk of nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity, which are damage to the kidneys and ears respectively. These adverse effects are irreversible because they cause permanent damage to the cells of these organs.
Choice C is wrong because time-dependent and reversible implies that the adverse effects are related to the length of exposure and can be reversed by shortening the therapy, which is also not true for aminoglycosides.
Choice D is wrong because time-dependent and irreversible implies that the adverse effects are related to the length of exposure and cannot be reversed by shortening the therapy, which is partly true but not as accurate as choice B.
This means that the higher the dose and the longer the duration of aminoglycoside therapy, the greater the risk of nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity, which are damage to the kidneys and ears respectively. These adverse effects are irreversible because they cause permanent damage to the cells of these organs.
Choice A is wrong because dose-dependent and reversible implies that the adverse effects can be reversed by lowering the dose or stopping the therapy, which is not true for aminoglycosides.
Choice C is wrong because time-dependent and reversible implies that the adverse effects are related to the length of exposure and can be reversed by shortening the therapy, which is also not true for aminoglycosides.
Choice D is wrong because time-dependent and irreversible implies that the adverse effects are related to the length of exposure and cannot be reversed by shortening the therapy, which is partly true but not as accurate as choice B.
Normal ranges for BUN are 7 to 20 mg/dL and for creatinine are 0.6 to 1.2 mg/dL for men and 0.5 to 1.1 mg/dL for women. Signs of nephrotoxicity include increased BUN and creatinine levels, decreased urine output, proteinuria, hematuria, and casts in urine. Signs of ototoxicity include tinnitus, hearing loss, dizziness, vertigo, and headache