Choice A rationale:
Consuming any amount of alcohol during pregnancy is not recommended. Alcohol can cross the placenta and harm the developing fetus, potentially leading to fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs). FASDs can cause a range of physical, mental, and behavioral problems, including intellectual disabilities, learning disabilities, and physical abnormalities. Even small amounts of alcohol can increase the risk of FASDs, and there is no known safe amount of alcohol to consume during pregnancy.

Choice B rationale:
Switching to whole milk during pregnancy can be a beneficial choice for several reasons:
Increased calcium and vitamin D: Whole milk is a rich source of calcium and vitamin D, which are essential for the development of the baby's bones, teeth, and muscles. Calcium also supports the mother's bone health and helps prevent pregnancy-related osteoporosis.
Healthy fats: Whole milk contains healthy fats that are important for fetal brain development and the mother's overall health. These fats also contribute to satiety and can help manage weight gain during pregnancy.
Essential nutrients: Whole milk provides a variety of other essential nutrients, including protein, vitamins A and B12, riboflavin, and zinc. These nutrients support overall health and well-being during pregnancy.

Choice C rationale:
Weight loss during pregnancy is generally not recommended unless specifically advised by a healthcare provider. Pregnancy is a time for growth and nourishment of the baby, and restricting calories or attempting to lose weight can potentially harm the developing fetus. It's important to focus on consuming a healthy, balanced diet and gaining a healthy amount of weight during pregnancy.

Choice D rationale:
Consuming high amounts of caffeine during pregnancy is not recommended. Caffeine can cross the placenta and potentially affect the baby's heart rate and sleep patterns. It's generally advised to limit caffeine intake to less than 200 milligrams per day during pregnancy.