The authors found no statistical significance in the analysis of data. This is not a limitation to the study, but a result of the study. It means that there was no evidence of a difference or a relationship between the variables of interest. It does not mean that the study was flawed or that the statistics were inappropriate.
 

The sample used was considered representative of the population of interest. This is not a limitation to the study, but a strength of the study. It means that the sample was selected in a way that it reflected the characteristics and diversity of the population that the study aimed to generalize to. It increases the external validity and generalizability of the study.
 

Ratio-level data were collected rather than ordinal-level or interval-level data. This is not a limitation to the study, but a characteristic of the data. Ratio-level data are the highest level of measurement, meaning that they have an absolute zero point and equal intervals between values. They are suitable for parametric statistics and allow for more precise and meaningful analysis than ordinal-level or interval-level data.
 

This is a limitation to the study because parametric statistics assume that the data are normally distributed, meaning that they follow a bell-shaped curve. If the data are skewed, meaning that they have a long tail on one side or the other, then parametric statistics may not be appropriate or valid. The researcher should explain why they used parametric statistics despite the skewed data distribution and how it may affect the results and conclusions of the study.


The other options are not limitations to the study because: