Nursing considerations for NSAIDs
Nursing considerations for NSAIDs ( 4 Questions)
A nurse is evaluating a client who has ulcerative colitis and is receiving infliximab (Remicade), a monoclonal antibody. What are some of the outcomes that indicate the effectiveness of the therapy? (Select all that apply)
Decreased frequency and severity of diarrhea, abdominal pain, and rectal bleeding . These are the main symptoms of ulcerative colitis, a chronic inflammatory condition of the colon and rectum that causes ulcers, bleeding, and mucus production in the lining of the bowel. Infliximab is a monoclonal antibody that works by blocking the action of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), a cytokine that mediates inflammation and tissue damage in ulcerative colitis. Infliximab can reduce the inflammation and ulceration of the bowel and improve the clinical symptoms of ulcerative colitis .
Endoscopy is a procedure that uses a flexible tube with a camera and light to examine the inside of the digestive tract. Mucosal healing is the restoration of the normal structure and function of the bowel lining. Infliximab can improve the endoscopic appearance and mucosal healing of the colon and rectum in patients with ulcerative colitis . This may reduce the risk of complications such as strictures, fistulas, abscesses, or cancer .
CRP and ESR are blood tests that measure the level of inflammation in the body. CRP is a protein produced by the liver in response to inflammation, and ESR is a measure of how fast red blood cells settle in a tube of blood. Both tests are elevated in patients with ulcerative colitis due to the chronic inflammation of the bowel. Infliximab can lower the levels of CRP and ESR by reducing the inflammation and tissue damage in ulcerative colitis . This may reflect the improvement in disease activity and prognosis .
Extraintestinal manifestations are symptoms or conditions that affect other organs or systems outside the digestive tract. They occur in about 25% of patients with ulcerative colitis and may include arthritis (joint inflammation), uveitis (eye inflammation), erythema nodosum (skin nodules), pyoderma gangrenosum (skin ulcers), primary sclerosing cholangitis (liver inflammation), or ankylosing spondylitis (spine inflammation) . Infliximab can resolve or improve some of these extraintestinal manifestations by blocking TNF-alpha, which is involved in their pathogenesis .
No explanation
Decreased frequency and severity of diarrhea, abdominal pain, and rectal bleeding . These are the main symptoms of ulcerative colitis, a chronic inflammatory condition of the colon and rectum that causes ulcers, bleeding, and mucus production in the lining of the bowel. Infliximab is a monoclonal antibody that works by blocking the action of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), a cytokine that mediates inflammation and tissue damage in ulcerative colitis. Infliximab can reduce the inflammation and ulceration of the bowel and improve the clinical symptoms of ulcerative colitis .
- Improved endoscopic findings and mucosal healing . Endoscopy is a procedure that uses a flexible tube with a camera and light to examine the inside of the digestive tract. Mucosal healing is the restoration of the normal structure and function of the bowel lining. Infliximab can improve the endoscopic appearance and mucosal healing of the colon and rectum in patients with ulcerative colitis . This may reduce the risk of complications such as strictures, fistulas, abscesses, or cancer .
- Decreased levels of inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) . CRP and ESR are blood tests that measure the level of inflammation in the body. CRP is a protein produced by the liver in response to inflammation, and ESR is a measure of how fast red blood cells settle in a tube of blood. Both tests are elevated in patients with ulcerative colitis due to the chronic inflammation of the bowel. Infliximab can lower the levels of CRP and ESR by reducing the inflammation and tissue damage in ulcerative colitis . This may reflect the improvement in disease activity and prognosis .
- Resolution of extraintestinal manifestations associated with ulcerative colitis (e.g., joint pain, skin lesions) . Extraintestinal manifestations are symptoms or conditions that affect other organs or systems outside the digestive tract. They occur in about 25% of patients with ulcerative colitis and may include arthritis (joint inflammation), uveitis (eye inflammation), erythema nodosum (skin nodules), pyoderma gangrenosum (skin ulcers), primary sclerosing cholangitis (liver inflammation), or ankylosing spondylitis (spine inflammation) . Infliximab can resolve or improve some of these extraintestinal manifestations by blocking TNF-alpha, which is involved in their pathogenesis .