PN FUNDAMENTALS UPDATED 2024 EXAM
PN FUNDAMENTALS UPDATED 2024 EXAM ( 53 Questions)
A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results for a client who reports vomiting and diarrhea for 2 days. Which of the following laboratory findings should the nurse expect?
Hyperkalemia is incorrect. Vomiting and diarrhea typically lead to a loss of potassium rather than an increase. These conditions often result in depletion of electrolytes, including potassium, due to the loss of fluids.
Hypocalcemia is correct. While prolonged or severe diarrhea could potentially lead to some electrolyte imbalances, hypocalcemia is not typically a primary finding associated with vomiting and diarrhea. Calcium levels may not be significantly affected by these symptoms compared to sodium and potassium.
Hypermagnesemia is incorrect. Similar to calcium, magnesium levels are not usually significantly impacted by vomiting and diarrhea alone. Hypermagnesemia is more commonly associated with excessive intake of magnesium-containing medications or renal dysfunction rather than acute gastrointestinal symptoms.
In a client experiencing vomiting and diarrhea, the loss of fluids and electrolytes due to these symptoms commonly leads to:
Hyponatremia is correct. Vomiting and diarrhea can cause a loss of sodium and water, leading to decreased sodium levels in the blood, which manifests as hyponatremia. This electrolyte imbalance is a typical finding in individuals experiencing gastrointestinal issues with fluid loss.
Choice A Reason:
Hyperkalemia is incorrect. Vomiting and diarrhea typically lead to a loss of potassium rather than an increase. These conditions often result in depletion of electrolytes, including potassium, due to the loss of fluids.
Choice B Reason:
Hypocalcemia is correct. While prolonged or severe diarrhea could potentially lead to some electrolyte imbalances, hypocalcemia is not typically a primary finding associated with vomiting and diarrhea. Calcium levels may not be significantly affected by these symptoms compared to sodium and potassium.
Choice C Reason:
Hypermagnesemia is incorrect. Similar to calcium, magnesium levels are not usually significantly impacted by vomiting and diarrhea alone. Hypermagnesemia is more commonly associated with excessive intake of magnesium-containing medications or renal dysfunction rather than acute gastrointestinal symptoms.
In a client experiencing vomiting and diarrhea, the loss of fluids and electrolytes due to these symptoms commonly leads to:
Choice D Reason:
Hyponatremia is correct. Vomiting and diarrhea can cause a loss of sodium and water, leading to decreased sodium levels in the blood, which manifests as hyponatremia. This electrolyte imbalance is a typical finding in individuals experiencing gastrointestinal issues with fluid loss.