Antibiotics and Antimicrobial Agents > Pharmacology
Exam Review
Adverse effects and toxicity
Total Questions : 5
Showing 5 questions, Sign in for moreA nurse is reviewing the medication history of a client who is prescribed an antibiotic for a urinary tract infection. The nurse notes that the client has a history of allergic reactions to penicillins, cephalosporins, sulfonamides, and fluoroquinolones.
Which class of antibiotics should the nurse avoid administering to this client?
Explanation
The nurse should avoid administering macrolides to this client because they have a history of allergic reactions to penicillins, cephalosporins, sulfonamides, and fluoroquinolones.Macrolides are a class of antibiotics that have a similar structure and mechanism of action to penicillins and cephalosporins.Therefore, there is a risk of cross-reactivity and hypersensitivity reactions between these antibiotics.
Choice B is wrong because Tetracyclines is wrong because tetracyclines are a class of antibiotics that have a different structure and mechanism of action from penicillins, cephalosporins, sulfonamides, and fluoroquinolones.They are not likely to cause cross-reactivity or hypersensitivity reactions in this client.
Choice C is wrong because Aminoglycosides is wrong because aminoglycosides are a class of antibiotics that have a different structure and mechanism of action from penicillins, cephalosporins, sulfonamides, and fluoroquinolones.They are not likely to cause cross-reactivity or hypersensitivity reactions in this client.
Choice D is wrong because Glycopeptides is wrong because glycopeptides are a class of antibiotics that have a different structure and mechanism of action from penicillins, cephalosporins, sulfonamides, and fluoroquinolones.They are not likely to cause cross-reactivity or hypersensitivity reactions in this client.
(Select all that apply) A client is receiving vancomycin (Vancocin) for a severe infection caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).
The nurse monitors the client for signs of nephrotoxicity, which include:
Explanation
Elevated serum creatinine and decreased urine output are signs of nephrotoxicity, which is a potential adverse effect of vancomycin (Vancocin) therapy. Nephrotoxicity is damage to the kidneys caused by toxic substances.
Choice C is wrong because increased blood pressure is not a sign of nephrotoxicity.Hypotension may occur during vancomycin infusion, especially if it is given too rapidly.
Choice D is wrong because hematuria is not a sign of nephrotoxicity.
Hematuria is blood in the urine, which may indicate other problems such as urinary tract infection, kidney stones, or bladder cancer.
Choice E is wrong because tinnitus is not a sign of nephrotoxicity.Tinnitus is ringing or buzzing in the ears, which may indicate ototoxicity, another potential adverse effect of vancomycin therapy.
Ototoxicity is damage to the ears caused by toxic substances.
Normal ranges for serum creatinine are 0.6 to 1.2 mg/dL for men and 0.5 to 1.1 mg/dL for women.
Normal ranges for urine output are 800 to 2000 mL per day or 30 to 50 mL per hour.
A client develops diarrhea after taking amoxicillin (Amoxil) for a sinus infection. The nurse suspects that the diarrhea is caused by a superinfection of Clostridioides difficile (C. diff).
Which statement by the client supports this suspicion?
Explanation
This statement supports the suspicion of difficile infection, which is a common cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Difficile infection can cause severe diarrhea and dehydration, lower abdominal pain and cramping, low-grade fever, nausea, and loss of appetite.The diarrhea is usually watery and has a very foul odor.
Choice A is wrong because taking probiotics to restore normal flora does not indicate C. difficile infection.Probiotics are live microorganisms that may help prevent or treat antibiotic-associated diarrhea by replenishing the good bacteria in the gut.
Choice C is wrong because abdominal cramps and bloating are nonspecific symptoms that can occur with many gastrointestinal disorders, not just difficile infection.
Choice D is wrong because loss of appetite and nausea are also nonspecific symptoms that can occur with many gastrointestinal disorders, not just difficile infection.
A nurse is teaching a client who is prescribed doxycycline (Vibramycin) for Lyme disease. The nurse instructs the client to avoid exposure to sunlight while taking this drug because it may cause photosensitivity.
Which statement by the client indicates understanding of this instruction?
Explanation
This statement indicates that the client understands that doxycycline can cause photosensitivity, which is a heightened skin sensitivity or unusual reaction when exposed to UV radiation from the sun or a tanning bed.Photosensitivity can cause damage at the DNA level, painful sunburn-like erythema, blistering, lichenoid eruptions, and photo-onycholysis.The client should avoid excessive sun exposure and use photoprotection methods against both UVB and UVA wavelengths.
Choice B is wrong because taking the drug at night before bed does not prevent photosensitivity during the day.The drug or its metabolites can remain in the skin for several days after ingestion.
Choice C is wrong because drinking plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration is not related to photosensitivity.
Dehydration can occur due to other causes such as vomiting, diarrhea, fever, or excessive sweating.
Choice D is wrong because stopping the drug if a rash develops is not advisable.
The rash could be a sign of photosensitivity or an allergic reaction, and the client should consult their doctor before discontinuing the medication.
Stopping the drug abruptly could also lead to treatment failure or bacterial resistance.
A nurse is caring for a client who has tuberculosis and is receiving isoniazid (INH), rifampin (Rifadin), pyrazinamide (PZA), and ethambutol (Myambutol).
The nurse monitors the client’s liver function tests and advises the client to avoid which substance while taking these drugs?
Explanation
The patient should avoid alcohol while taking these drugs because alcohol can increase the risk of liver toxicity.These drugs are metabolized by the liver and can cause hepatotoxicity, especially isoniazid and pyrazinamide.The nurse should monitor the patient’s liver function tests and advise the patient to report any signs of liver damage, such as dark urine, fatigue, or jaundice.
Choice B is wrong because Grapefruit juice is wrong because grapefruit juice does not interact with these drugs.
Grapefruit juice can affect the metabolism of some other drugs, such as statins, calcium channel blockers, or cyclosporine, but not antitubercular drugs.
Choice C is wrong because Milk is wrong because milk does not interact with these drugs.
Milk can reduce the absorption of some other drugs, such as tetracyclines or fluoroquinolones, but not antitubercular drugs.
Choice D is wrong because Caffeine is wrong because caffeine does not interact with these drugs.
Caffeine can increase the effects of some other drugs, such as theophylline or clozapine, but not antitubercular drugs.
Sign Up or Login to view all the 5 Questions on this Exam
Join over 100,000+ nursing students using Nursingprepexams’s science-backend flashcards, practice tests and expert solutions to improve their grades and reach their goals.
Sign Up Now
