Diminished breath sounds may indicate decreased ventilation and impaired respiratory function, which can be a complication of immobility such as atelectasis or pneumonia.

Incorrect choices:

a. Increased muscle strength is not typically associated with respiratory complications of immobility.

b. Increased lung expansion is not commonly observed in individuals with immobility-related respiratory complications.

d. Although the respiratory rate can be normal, it does not provide direct information about potential complications of immobility on the respiratory system.

Frequent repositioning is an important intervention in preventing pressure ulcers in immobilized patients. Regular changes in position help to relieve pressure on vulnerable areas and promote circulation.

Incorrect choices:

b. Encouraging immobility is not a suitable intervention as it can lead to further complications and increase the risk of pressure ulcers.

c. Maintaining prolonged periods of immobility is detrimental and increases the risk of pressure ulcers.

d. Applying tight dressings over bony prominences can contribute to pressure and damage the skin, increasing the risk of pressure ulcers.

Contractures, which are permanent shortening of muscles and tendons, can occur as a musculoskeletal complication of immobility. Contractures limit joint mobility and flexibility.

Incorrect choices:

a. Increased muscle tone is not typically associated with immobility and can be a manifestation of other conditions such as spasticity.

b. Active range of motion (ROM) suggests preserved joint mobility, which is not indicative of musculoskeletal complications of immobility.

d. Strong and flexible joints are not commonly observed in individuals experiencing immobility-related musculoskeletal complications.

Implementing bladder training programs, which involve scheduled voiding and promoting continence, is important in preventing urinary complications in immobilized patients, such as urinary retention or urinary tract infections.

Incorrect choices:

a. Encouraging increased fluid intake alone may not address the specific urinary complications associated with immobility.

b. Limiting toileting assistance can lead to urinary retention and complications.

d. Providing a bedpan or urinal for all voiding may not promote independence and can contribute to urinary complications.

Dependent edema, characterized by swelling in the dependent parts of the body, is a potential cardiovascular complication of immobility. It can occur due to impaired venous return and increased capillary permeability.

Incorrect choices:

a. Increased heart rate may or may not be present in individuals with cardiovascular complications of immobility, and it is not a specific indicator.

b. Increased cardiac output is not typically associated with immobility-related cardiovascular complications.

d. Although the blood pressure can be normal, it does not provide specific information about potential cardiovascular complications of immobility.a