Choice A rationale

Learning to use creative energies is associated with the initiative vs. guilt stage, typically seen in preschool-aged children. During this stage, children assert control and power over their environment through directing play and other social interactions.

Choice B rationale

Defining a sense of self pertains to the identity vs. role confusion stage, which occurs in adolescence. This stage focuses on developing a personal identity and a sense of self. Adolescents explore different roles, beliefs, and values to form a unique identity.

Choice C rationale

Building a sense of trust is linked with the trust vs. mistrust stage, experienced in infancy. In this stage, infants learn to trust their caregivers and environment if their needs are consistently met, establishing a foundation for future relationships.

Choice D rationale

Learning to perform tasks independently corresponds to the autonomy vs. shame and doubt stage, typical of toddlers. In this stage, children develop a sense of personal control over physical skills and a sense of independence.

Choice A rationale

Learning to use creative energies relates to the initiative vs. guilt stage, aimed at preschool children, where they begin asserting power and control over their world through play and social interactions.

Choice B rationale

Defining a sense of self is a task during the identity vs. role confusion stage in adolescence. Adolescents work on discovering who they are by exploring beliefs, values, and goals to create a consistent and unique identity.

Choice C rationale

Building a sense of trust is a task during the trust vs. mistrust stage of infancy. Infants need reliable caregiving to develop trust in their environment and the people around them.

Choice D rationale

Learning to perform tasks independently occurs in the autonomy vs. shame and doubt stage, which is observed in toddlers. This stage is about children gaining confidence in their abilities to perform basic tasks on their own.

Choice A rationale

Capillary refill less than 2 seconds is a normal finding and suggests adequate perfusion. It is not indicative of a priority concern in this context.

Choice B rationale

Tingling in the right foot can indicate nerve damage or compromised circulation, which is critical to address in a patient with a fracture. This symptom could suggest complications like compartment syndrome, requiring immediate medical attention.

Choice C rationale

Respiratory rate of 24/min is slightly elevated but not directly related to the fracture's immediate complications. It requires monitoring but is not the priority.

Choice D rationale

A 2+ right pedal pulse indicates a normal pulse and adequate circulation in the foot. While important, it does not represent an immediate concern in this context.

Choice A rationale

Discouraging the client from ambulating is not necessary. In fact, early ambulation is often encouraged to promote circulation and prevent complications, depending on the fracture

type and treatment plan.

Choice B rationale

Keeping the client's leg in a dependent position is not recommended as it can increase swelling and pain. Elevating the leg is typically advised to reduce swelling.

Choice C rationale

Using a hair dryer on a hot setting to dry the cast is unsafe as it can cause burns and damage the cast. It's better to allow the cast to dry naturally and follow the healthcare provider's

instructions.

Choice D rationale

Performing a neurovascular check of the lower extremities is crucial to assess circulation, sensation, and movement. This helps in identifying any complications such as impaired

blood flow or nerve damage.

A. Walks with one hand held - (9 to 12 months)

B. Sits Unsupported - (6 to 8 months)

C. Can Turn Pages in a Book - (2 to 3 years)

D. Rolls from Front to Back - (4 to 6 months)

Choice A rationale

Allowing an additional 30 minutes of play before bedtime can lead to overstimulation and delay the child's ability to settle down for sleep. Consistent bedtime routines are crucial for

establishing healthy sleep patterns in children.

Choice B rationale

Letting the child sleep in the parent's bed can create dependency and difficulty in establishing the child's own sleep routine and space. This practice can disrupt both the parent's and

child's sleep in the long term.

Choice C rationale

Keeping a night light on provides a sense of security and comfort for a child who may be afraid of the dark. This helps the child feel safe and can ease the transition to bedtime.

Choice D rationale

Staying with the child until they fall asleep, especially if crying, can reinforce the behavior and make it harder for the child to develop self-soothing skills. It can lead to increased

dependency on the parent's presence to fall asleep.

A. Walks with one hand held: 12 months.

B. Sits Unsupported: 6 months.

C. Can Turn Pages in a Book: 2 years.

D. Rolls from Front to Back: 4 months.

Choice A rationale

Infants typically do not double their birth weight by 2-3 months. This milestone is more commonly reached slightly later in infancy.

Choice B rationale

By 5-6 months, many infants double their birth weight, indicating healthy growth and development. This timeline aligns with common pediatric growth patterns.

Choice C rationale

While growth continues at a steady pace, most infants have already doubled their birth weight before reaching 9 months. This age generally marks further physical and

developmental milestones.

Choice D rationale

By 12 months, infants have typically more than doubled their birth weight. This age is associated with continued growth, development, and new milestones.

Choice A rationale

Placing the infant safety seat in the middle of the back seat away from the windows is the safest position, protecting the child from potential impact during accidents and from direct

sunlight or objects coming through windows.

Choice B rationale

Following the child's weight and height is crucial for safely transitioning from an infant car seat to a booster seat. This ensures proper restraint and protection as the child grows.

Choice C rationale

Allowing a baby to watch the driver while in the back seat indicates a forward-facing position, which is unsafe for infants. Rear-facing positions provide the best protection for an

infant's head, neck, and spine.

Choice D rationale

Using a previously owned car seat with intact instructions can ensure proper installation and use. However, checking the seat's history and condition is crucial to ensure it meets

current safety standards.

Step 1: lb ÷ (2.2 lb/kg) = 10 kg

Step 2:.5 mg/kg/day × 10 kg = 15 mg/day

Step 3: mg/day ÷ 4 doses/day = 3.75 mg/dose

Step 4:.75 mg ÷ 1 mg/mL = 3.75 mL per dose

The calculated answer is 3.8 mL (rounded to the nearest tenth)

Choice A rationale

Boys are generally screened for scoliosis at a later age than girls due to different growth patterns and timelines in puberty. Girls typically go through growth spurts earlier, which can reveal scoliosis sooner.

Choice B rationale

Scoliosis is not associated with childhood trauma. It's primarily idiopathic, meaning its cause is unknown, though genetics and growth factors are considered.

Choice C rationale

Children with scoliosis often do not report back pain. The condition is usually detected through physical exams or screenings rather than symptoms like pain.

Choice D rationale

The Adam's forward bend test is a common method for screening scoliosis, which involves the child bending forward at the waist with arms hanging down. This position highlights any abnormal curvature of the spine.

Choice A rationale

Autonomy vs. shame and doubt is the stage for toddlers, where children learn to assert their independence and autonomy. This stage doesn't apply to school-age children.

Choice B rationale

Identity vs. role confusion is the stage for adolescents, where they explore different roles and integrate them into their identity. This is beyond the scope of school-age children.

Choice C rationale

Initiative vs. guilt applies to preschool children, where they begin to assert power and control through directing play and other social interactions. School-age children have moved

past this stage.

Choice D rationale

Industry vs. inferiority is the stage for school-age children according to Erikson's theory. In this stage, children develop a sense of pride and competence in their skills and abilities

through school and social interactions.

Choice A rationale

Walks with one hand held typically occurs around 12 months as infants gain balance and coordination for upright movement.

Choice B rationale

Sits unsupported usually happens around 6 months when infants' core muscles are strong enough to hold their torso upright.

Choice C rationale

Turning pages in a book is a fine motor skill that develops around 12 months as hand-eye coordination improves.

Choice D rationale

Rolling from front to back typically occurs around 6 months as infants develop stronger neck and upper body muscles.

Choice A rationale

Collecting objects like rocks reflects the interest in categorizing and organizing, which aligns with the industry vs. inferiority stage for school-age children.

Choice B rationale

Wanting to do well in school also fits with the industry vs. inferiority stage, where children gain pride from achieving tasks and being competent.

Choice C rationale

Doing simple math problems in one's head indicates cognitive development but doesn't directly align with the psychosocial development focus.

Choice D rationale

Following rules set by parents is important, but it's more about conforming to authority rather than indicating psychosocial development specific to industry vs. inferiority.

Choice A rationale

The infant's birth weight typically doubles by 4-6 months and triples by 1 year of age. If an infant's weight has tripled at 6 months, it may indicate overnutrition or an underlying health condition.

Choice B rationale

Lateral incisors usually appear between 9 to 13 months. At 6 months, the central incisors are more likely to be emerging.

Choice C rationale

The posterior fontanel typically closes by 2 to 3 months of age. Therefore, by 6 months, it is expected to be closed.

Choice D rationale

Infants usually sit without support around 8 months. At 6 months, they may sit with support or briefly without support but not consistently.

Choice A rationale

Peer pressure is a significant concern during adolescence as individuals seek acceptance and validation from their peers, often engaging in behaviors they might otherwise avoid.

Choice B rationale

Inclusivity refers to ensuring everyone is included and feels welcomed, but it's not a common concern that would make someone engage in risky behavior like vaping.

Choice C rationale

Cold stress is more related to the physical response to cold environments rather than social situations. Adolescents typically experience cold stress due to environmental conditions, not peer interactions.

Choice D rationale

Role confusion, according to Erikson's stages of development, involves uncertainty about one's role and identity, but it doesn't directly explain engaging in risky behaviors due to peer influence.

Choice A rationale

Autonomy is a developmental task of toddlers (1-3 years old), focusing on developing a sense of personal control over physical skills and independence.

Choice B rationale

Initiative is a developmental task of early childhood (3-6 years old), where children begin to assert control and power over their environment through directing play and other social interactions.

Choice C rationale

Identity is the primary developmental task of adolescents (12-18 years old), focusing on developing a personal sense of self and direction in life.

Choice D rationale

Trust is a developmental task of infancy (0-1 year), where children learn to trust their caregivers for care and sustenance.

Choice A rationale

A brightly-colored mobile is suitable for infants who are visually stimulated by motion and color but not appropriate for a 4-year-old.

Choice B rationale

A checkerboard and checkers are more suitable for older children or adolescents who have developed advanced cognitive and strategic thinking skills.

Choice C rationale

A 100-piece jigsaw puzzle is also more appropriate for older children or adolescents with well-developed problem-solving and fine motor skills.

Choice D rationale

Hand puppets are suitable for a 4-year-old as they encourage imaginative play, storytelling, and fine motor skill development.

Choice A rationale

Babies at around 6 months are developing object permanence and might experience anxiety if they cannot see familiar faces, such as their mother's due to the mask.

Choice B rationale

Hunger is a common cause of crying in infants but doesn't specifically relate to the scenario provided regarding the mask.

Choice C rationale

Cold can cause discomfort in infants, leading to crying, but this is more of a general response and not directly related to the mask scenario.

Choice D rationale

Stress can cause crying, but the specific trigger in the scenario is the mother's masked face, causing potential anxiety.

Choice A rationale

The hepatitis B vaccine is recommended for all newborns within 24 hours of birth to provide early protection against the hepatitis B virus.

Choice B rationale

The PCV (Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine) is administered as a series of four doses, typically at 2, 4, 6, and 12-15 months of age.

Choice C rationale

The first dose of the DTaP (Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis) vaccine is typically given at 2 months of age, not during the initial well-baby visit after birth.

Choice D rationale

The MMR (Measles, Mumps, and Rubella) vaccine is recommended at 12-15 months of age and again at 4-6 years, not at 6 months.

Choice A rationale

It's normal for an 8-month-old child to exhibit separation anxiety when their parents leave. This stage of development typically begins around 6 to 8 months of age and can peak around 14 to 18 months. It is a sign that the child has developed a strong attachment to their parents and understands the concept of object permanence—that objects and people continue to exist even when they are not visible.

Choice B rationale

While rest is important for an infant, this statement does not address the underlying issue of separation anxiety. It implies that the child's crying is due to fatigue, which can be misleading to the parents.

Choice C rationale

An overstimulating environment can cause distress in infants, but in this case, the crying is more directly related to separation anxiety. It's essential to differentiate between the two causes so that parents can respond appropriately.

Choice D rationale

Notifying a provider is unnecessary for typical separation anxiety. This response could unnecessarily alarm the parents and does not educate them on the normalcy of this developmental phase.

Choice A rationale

Asking whether the imaginary person had a name can help determine if the child's imaginative play is typical for their age group. Preschool-aged children often engage in imaginative play, including conversations with imaginary friends, which is a normal part of cognitive and social development.

Choice B rationale

Temper tantrums are more related to behavioral issues rather than imaginative play. While relevant to the child's overall behavior, this question diverts attention from the specific concern about imaginary play.

Choice C rationale

This question could help identify if there are broader behavioral concerns, but it doesn't directly address the mother's specific worry about the imaginary friend. It is less targeted.

Choice D rationale

Understanding how well the child plays with others can provide insights into their social development, but it doesn't directly address the issue of imaginary play. It could be more pertinent as a follow-up question.

Choice A rationale

Asymmetric thigh folds are a common sign of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in infants. This physical examination finding indicates that the hips are not aligned properly, which can cause the folds in the thighs to appear uneven.

Choice B rationale

A shortened thigh, rather than a lengthened one, on the affected side is more typical of DDH. It is due to the femoral head not being properly seated in the hip socket, which can cause a discrepancy in leg length.

Choice C rationale

An inwardly turned foot is not a characteristic finding of DDH. This symptom is more commonly associated with conditions affecting the feet and lower legs, such as clubfoot.

Choice D rationale

The absence of plantar reflexes is not typically associated with DDH. This reflex involves a different part of the nervous system and is not linked to hip dysplasia.

Choice A rationale

HIPAA is indeed a federal law, which sets national standards for the protection of health information. It applies across all states and helps ensure the privacy and security of patients' medical records and other health information.

Choice B rationale

This statement is incorrect and indicates a need for further instruction. HIPAA requires that protected health information (PHI) is only disclosed to family members with the patient's consent, unless under specific circumstances, such as in emergencies or when the patient is incapacitated.

Choice C rationale

HIPAA establishes regulations to protect health information in all forms, including verbal, electronic, and written. This ensures comprehensive coverage of patient data privacy and security across different mediums.

Choice D rationale

A client's address is considered personally identifiable information (PII) under HIPAA. This type of information must be protected to prevent unauthorized access or disclosure, in order to safeguard the individual's privacy. .

Choice A rationale

Distracting the child by buying a toy can reinforce the tantrum behavior by teaching the child that tantrums result in rewards. This can lead to an increase in tantrum frequency as the child learns to manipulate situations to get new toys or other desired items.

Choice B rationale

Appearing to ignore the child during a tantrum helps to extinguish the behavior over time. By not giving attention to the tantrum, the child learns that this behavior does not achieve their desired outcome. Consistency is key in this approach to ensure the child understands that tantrums are ineffective.

Choice C rationale

Placing the child in time-out for 3 minutes can be effective in some cases, but it may not be the first recommendation. Time-out removes the child from a stimulating environment and gives them time to calm down. However, it may not address the underlying reasons for the tantrum.

Choice D rationale

Calmly telling the child to stop might not be effective during the peak of a tantrum. Toddlers in the midst of a tantrum often cannot process verbal instructions or reasoning, so this approach may not achieve the desired result.