A. Maintaining financial records and identifying budget deficits.
This option relates to financial management rather than informatics competencies. Informatics primarily focuses on the use of information technology in healthcare settings, not financial aspects.

B. Integrating and applying information, computer, and nursing sciences.
This is a key informatics competency, as it involves the ability to integrate knowledge from various fields to improve patient care.

C. Possessing basic information management and computer technology skills.
This is essential for nurses to effectively utilize electronic health records (EHR) and other health technologies, making it a valid informatics competency.

D. Using information management and computer technology. This is a fundamental competency in informatics, as it directly relates to the effective use of technology to manage patient data and improve care.

A. 1996: This date is incorrect; the first edition of the standards was published earlier.

B. 1994: This date is incorrect; the ANA published the scope and standards later.

C. 1992: This date is incorrect; it was published a few years later.

D. 1995: the American Nurses Association (ANA) published the first Nursing Informatics: Scope and Standards of Practice in 1995, establishing a framework for nursing informatics practice.

A. So they can find information about diseases and diagnoses. While important, this option does not fully capture the role of healthcare providers in ensuring patients receive accurate information.

B. So they can guide patients to reliable online health resources. Healthcare providers need to ensure patients access trustworthy information, thereby improving patient education and outcomes.

C. So they can more easily perform telehealth assessments on their patients. While useful, this option is not the primary reason for information literacy in the context of online resources.

D. So they can navigate different websites effectively. This is a basic skill, but the deeper importance lies in the ability to evaluate and guide patients toward credible sources.

A. Building professional relationships: This is generally a benefit rather than a risk; networking can enhance professional connections.

B. Develop a professional network: Similar to A, this is a positive outcome of joining a networking site, not a risk.

C. Finding job opportunities: This is also a benefit of networking, helping nurses advance their careers.

D. Breaches of patient privacy: Sharing information on professional networking sites can lead to violations of patient confidentiality, a significant risk for healthcare professionals.

A. New graduate nursing orientations: While some information literacy training may occur here, it is more effective to instill these skills during formal education.

B. Continuing education for license renewal: This is important but typically focuses on updating knowledge rather than foundational information literacy skills.

C. Part of NCLEX preparation: While NCLEX does assess knowledge relevant to EBP, information literacy is better established during formal nursing education.

D. Undergraduate nursing education: Introducing information literacy during undergraduate education ensures that nurses are equipped with essential skills for evidence-based practice from the start of their careers.

A. Complex sentence: A complex sentence refers to a sentence structure that contains an independent clause and at least one dependent clause. A squiggly red line does not indicate sentence complexity.

B. Subject/verb disagreement: Subject-verb disagreement refers to a grammatical error where the subject and verb do not agree in number. This would typically be indicated by a green or blue line, not a red one.

C. Misspelled word: A squiggly red line in word processing programs usually indicates a misspelled word.

D. Grammatical error: Grammatical errors are often indicated by green or blue lines, not red. Thus, this option is incorrect for a red line.

A. CINAHL: The Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) is a nursing database that provides access to nursing and allied health literature.

B. SOCINFO: SOCINFO (Sociological Abstracts) is not specifically a nursing database; it focuses on sociology and social work rather than nursing.

C. MEDLINE: MEDLINE is a widely used database for accessing biomedical literature, including nursing research.

D. Cochrane Library: The Cochrane Library is a collection of high-quality evidence for healthcare decisions, including systematic reviews relevant to nursing.

A. The best friend: Sharing passwords with friends is highly inappropriate and poses a security risk to patient information.

B. A nursing student who is completing a preceptorship on the unit: Sharing passwords, even with students, violates confidentiality and security protocols. Students should use their own credentials.

C. The unit clerk: Even administrative staff should not have access to a nurse's personal password. Each user must maintain their own access credentials.

D. Nobody; it is essential to maintain confidentiality and security by not sharing passwords under any circumstances.

A. All of these should be considered; evaluating a website’s trustworthiness requires consideration of multiple factors, including the domain, privacy policies, and author credentials.

B. The website domain for example.gov: While domains like .gov are generally more trustworthy, they should be evaluated in conjunction with other factors.

C. Privacy disclosure: This is important as a clear privacy policy indicates that the website respects user confidentiality and provides transparency about data usage.

D. Credentials of the author: The author’s qualifications and expertise are crucial in determining the credibility of the information provided on the website.

A. It is a web browser that allows files to be retrieved. This statement is incorrect; web browsers (like Chrome or Firefox) are tools used to access the web, not the web itself.

B. The WWW is maintained by the local consortiums. This statement is misleading; the WWW is not specifically maintained by local consortiums; it is a global system of interlinked hypertext documents.

C. The WWW permits access to text-free documents. This is incorrect; the WWW allows access to text, images, audio, and video content, not just text-free documents.

D. The WWW is a network within the internet. The World Wide Web is a system of interlinked hypertext documents that operates over the internet, making it a network within the larger internet framework.

A. American Medical Association: The American Medical Association (AMA) focuses primarily on physicians and medical practice, not specifically on nursing informatics.

B. International Council on Nursing: The International Council on Nursing (ICN) promotes global nursing standards, but it was the ANA that specifically recognized nursing informatics as a specialty in 1992.

C. American Nursing Association: Correct; the American Nursing Association (ANA) recognized nursing informatics as a specialty in 1992, marking an important milestone in the integration of informatics into nursing practice.

D. American Nursing Informatics Association: The American Nursing Informatics Association (ANIA) is an organization focused on nursing informatics, but it was not the one that recognized it as a specialty in 1992.

A. Abstract; in APA style, the abstract is typically written last, after completing the entire paper, as it summarizes the key points of the work.

B. Introduction: The introduction is usually the first section of the paper, providing an overview of the topic and the purpose of the paper.

C. Title page: The title page is also created at the beginning of the paper, presenting the title, author, and other relevant information.

D. Reference list: The reference list is typically included near the end of the paper but before the abstract in APA format; however, it is not the last section created.

A. Enthusiasm. Capitalization is generally not interpreted as enthusiasm; it can be more indicative of shouting or strong emotion.

B. Excitement. Similar to enthusiasm, excitement is not typically conveyed through capital letters; it might instead be perceived as aggressive.

C. Yelling. In digital communication, capitalizing all letters is often interpreted as shouting or yelling, which could come across as rude or demanding.

D. Swearing. While strong language may be used to convey anger or frustration, capitalizing a sentence does not directly imply swearing.

A. A workbook uses many more mathematical calculations than a worksheet. This statement is misleading; both workbooks and worksheets can contain complex calculations, but the primary difference lies in their structure rather than the number of calculations.

B. The terms are used interchangeably in any spreadsheet program. While the terms may sometimes be used loosely, there is a distinct difference between the two in spreadsheet applications.

C. A worksheet is a spreadsheet, but a workbook has one or more worksheets. A worksheet is a single spreadsheet within a workbook, which is a collection of one or more worksheets.

D. The workbook is the starting point, and the worksheet is the result. The workbook serves as a container for worksheets, not as a starting point in terms of results.

A. Information literacy. Information literacy encompasses the ability to recognize the need for information and the skills to locate, evaluate, and effectively use it.

B. Computer literacy. Computer literacy refers to the basic skills and knowledge of using computers and software, which does not specifically address the ability to evaluate or use information effectively.

C. Typing literacy. Typing literacy pertains to the ability to type effectively and efficiently, which is not relevant to the broader context of information use and evaluation.

D. Computer fluidity. This term is less commonly used and may refer to the ease of using various computer applications but does not capture the comprehensive skills involved in information literacy.

A. 2nd-grade level. While a lower reading level may be beneficial for some audiences, writing materials at a 2nd-grade level might oversimplify important concepts that need to be communicated clearly.

B. 4th-grade level. Health education materials should be written at no greater than a 4th-grade level to ensure they are understandable by a broad audience, including those with limited literacy skills.

C. 3rd-grade level. Similar to option A, a 3rd-grade level may be too simplistic for conveying detailed health information effectively.

D. 5th-grade level. This is above the recommended level for health education materials, which may risk excluding individuals who struggle with reading comprehension.

A. I have gone over a lot of information about the importance of exercising regularly. Do you understand? This statement asks if the patient understands but does not prompt the patient to explain their understanding in their own words, which is key to the teach-back method.

B. I understand that your partner could not come with you today. What will you tell your partner about the changes we made to your medicines today? This is an example of the teach-back method because it requires the patient to articulate what they have learned in a way that they can share with someone else.

C. I want to make sure I explained it correctly. Can you tell me in your words how you understand the care plan which just explained to you? This is a classic example of the teach-back method as it directly asks the patient to explain their understanding, allowing for clarification and confirmation of comprehension.

D. I have discussed a lot of information about your planned surgery. In your own words, please tell me what I talked about? This statement uses the teach-back method effectively by asking the patient to summarize the information in their own words.

A. Sense. This term does not refer to data processing; rather, it relates to perception and interpretation.

B. Information. Information is defined as data that has been processed and organized to have meaning and structure.

C. Mean Data. This term is not commonly used in the context of data processing; it may refer to the statistical mean but does not convey the idea of processed and meaningful data.

D. Data Accuracy. Data accuracy refers to the correctness and precision of data, not its transformation into a meaningful form.

A. Phishing. Phishing is a fraudulent attempt to obtain sensitive information by disguising as a trustworthy entity in electronic communication, often involving fake websites.

B. Pharming. Pharming redirects users from legitimate websites to fraudulent ones without their consent, typically through DNS hijacking, but in this scenario, the student clicked a hyperlink from an email, which aligns more closely with phishing.

C. Bogging. "Bogging" is not a recognized term in cybersecurity and does not pertain to this scenario.

D. Worming. Worming refers to a type of malware that replicates itself to spread to other computers, not to fraudulent attempts to acquire personal information through misleading communications.

A. Crowding each slide with a lot of information. Crowding slides with too much information makes it difficult for the audience to absorb key points and can lead to confusion.

B. Each slide should have its own heading. Having a clear heading on each slide helps to organize information and guide the audience's understanding of the content.

C. Using low-resolution images. Low-resolution images can appear blurry or pixelated, which detracts from the professionalism and clarity of the presentation.

D. Select colors that have low contrast. Low contrast colors can make text and images hard to read, while high contrast enhances visibility and comprehension.

A. National Council of State Boards of Nursing. This organization oversees nursing licensure and provides reliable information about the licensing process, exam requirements, and regulations.

B. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid. This site primarily focuses on health care funding and regulations, not specifically nursing licensure exams.

C. National Institutes of Health. This site is focused on medical research and public health information, rather than nursing licensure.

D. The Joint Commission. While important for healthcare quality standards, this site does not focus on nursing licensure or exam-related information.

A. "Information management technology can increase the risk of human errors." While technology can contribute to errors if misused, this statement does not fully capture the overall positive impact of technology on client safety.

B. "Information management technology assists with compliance of practice guidelines." This statement highlights how technology helps ensure adherence to best practices and protocols, which enhances client safety.

C. "Information management technology can increase direct client care time." Generally, technology is designed to streamline processes and can reduce time spent on administrative tasks, allowing more time for direct client care.

D. "Information management technology decreases the burden of disease." While technology can improve health outcomes and data tracking, it does not directly decrease the burden of disease.

A. Quality; evaluating the quality of information is crucial to ensure it is accurate and reliable.

B. Authority; checking the authority of the author or organization behind the information is important to assess credibility.

C. Funding; understanding the funding source can reveal potential biases or conflicts of interest that might affect the information presented.

D. Concealment; while transparency is important, "concealment" is not a standard criterion for evaluating websites. Rather, one would look for transparency regarding authorship and funding sources.

A. Nursing science, information science, and anatomical science; while nursing science and information science are correct components, anatomical science is not typically classified under nursing informatics.

B. Nursing science, biological science, and physical science; this combination includes broader sciences that do not specifically pertain to nursing informatics.

C. Computer science, technological science, and chemical science; "technological science" is not a standard term, and chemical science is unrelated to nursing informatics.

D. Computer science, information science, and nursing science; these three fields are foundational to nursing informatics, integrating technology and information management into nursing practice.

A. Transforming collected data into needed information; this is a key function of nursing informatics, as it focuses on converting raw data into useful information for patient care.

B. Improving and ensuring patient confidentiality; nursing informatics is heavily involved in enhancing and safeguarding patient confidentiality through information management practices.

C. Outlining training standards for non-healthcare professionals; while nursing informatics may provide education and training to healthcare professionals, developing standards for non-healthcare professionals typically falls outside its primary scope.

D. Enhancing data security and patient privacy; ensuring data security and protecting patient privacy are fundamental responsibilities of nursing informatics.