Pathophysiology of the integumentary system > Pharmacology
Exam Review
Cellulitis
Total Questions : 15
Showing 15 questions, Sign in for moreA nurse is caring for a client with cellulitis. Which statement by the nurse accurately describes the pathophysiology of cellulitis?
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Cellulitis occurs when the skin's protective barrier is compromised.
Cellulitis is a bacterial skin infection that occurs when bacteria enter the skin through a break or opening in the protective barrier, such as a cut, wound, or insect bite.
The bacteria then multiply in the underlying tissues, leading to inflammation, redness, warmth, swelling, and pain.
Choice A is correct because it accurately describes the pathophysiology of cellulitis, emphasizing the importance of a compromised skin barrier in its development.
Choice B rationale:
Cellulitis is primarily caused by a viral infection.
This statement is incorrect.
Cellulitis is primarily caused by bacterial infections, commonly by Streptococcus and Staphylococcus species.
Viruses do not typically cause cellulitis.
Choice C rationale:
Cellulitis leads to increased blood clot formation.
This statement is incorrect.
Cellulitis does not lead to increased blood clot formation.
Instead, it causes inflammation and infection in the skin and underlying tissues.
Choice D rationale:
Cellulitis results in excessive sweating in the affected area.
This statement is incorrect.
Cellulitis does not result in excessive sweating.
It causes localized symptoms such as redness, warmth, swelling, and pain, but sweating is not a characteristic feature of cellulitis.
A client with cellulitis presents with redness, warmth, swelling, and pain in the affected area.
Which statement made by the client indicates an understanding of the clinical presentation?
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
"I have blisters all over the area." This statement does not indicate an understanding of the clinical presentation of cellulitis.
Blisters are not a typical symptom of cellulitis.
Cellulitis is characterized by redness, warmth, swelling, and pain, but blisters are more commonly associated with conditions like burns or herpes.
Choice B rationale:
"My skin feels cool to the touch." This statement is not indicative of an understanding of cellulitis.
In cellulitis, the affected area typically feels warm due to inflammation, not cool.
Choice C rationale:
"There is no change in the color of my skin." This statement suggests a lack of understanding of cellulitis.
One of the hallmark signs of cellulitis is a change in skin color, often appearing red or erythematous, in the affected area.
Choice D rationale:
"The area is red, swollen, and painful." This statement correctly indicates an understanding of the clinical presentation of cellulitis.
Cellulitis is characterized by these classic symptoms: redness, warmth, swelling, and pain.
A nurse is assessing a client with cellulitis.
Select all the nursing interventions that are appropriate for managing cellulitis.
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Elevate the affected limb.
Elevating the affected limb is an appropriate nursing intervention for managing cellulitis.
It helps reduce swelling and promotes better circulation, which can aid in the healing process.
Choice B rationale:
Apply cold compresses to the area.
This is not an appropriate nursing intervention for cellulitis.
Cold compresses may provide relief for some types of skin conditions but are not recommended for cellulitis, as they can potentially worsen the condition.
Choice C rationale:
Administer antibiotics as prescribed.
Administering antibiotics is a crucial nursing intervention for managing cellulitis.
Cellulitis is typically treated with antibiotics to eliminate the underlying bacterial infection.
Choice D rationale:
Encourage the client to scratch the affected area.
This is not an appropriate nursing intervention.
Scratching can introduce more bacteria into the affected area, potentially worsening the infection.
Choice E rationale:
Provide education on proper wound care.
Educating the client on proper wound care is essential for managing cellulitis.
Teaching the client to keep the wound clean, dry, and covered can help prevent further infection and promote healing.
A client with cellulitis has several risk factors for the condition. Which factor is NOT a known risk factor for cellulitis?
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Poor hygiene.
Poor hygiene is a known risk factor for cellulitis.
Inadequate hygiene practices can lead to an increased risk of skin infections, including cellulitis.
Choice B rationale:
Diabetes.
Diabetes is a known risk factor for cellulitis.
People with diabetes are more susceptible to skin infections due to impaired immune function and poor circulation.
Choice C rationale:
Recent surgery or invasive procedures.
Recent surgery or invasive procedures are known risk factors for cellulitis.
These procedures can disrupt the skin's protective barrier, making it easier for bacteria to enter and cause infection.
Choice D rationale:
Allergic reaction to antibiotics.
This is not a known risk factor for cellulitis.
While allergies to antibiotics can cause various reactions, including skin rashes, they are not considered a direct risk factor for cellulitis.
A nurse is discussing preventive measures for cellulitis with a client. Which statement by the nurse is accurate regarding preventing cellulitis?
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
"Avoiding handwashing is an effective preventive measure." This statement is incorrect.
Handwashing is a fundamental practice for preventing infections, including cellulitis.
Avoiding handwashing can increase the risk of introducing bacteria into the skin through cuts or wounds.
Choice B rationale:
"Keep your skin well-moisturized to prevent cellulitis." This statement is not accurate.
While maintaining skin hydration is essential for overall skin health, it is not a direct preventive measure for cellulitis.
Preventing cuts and wounds, as well as proper wound care, are more relevant preventive strategies.
Choice C rationale:
"Getting vaccinated against cellulitis is unnecessary." There is no vaccine available specifically for cellulitis.
This statement is accurate.
Cellulitis is primarily caused by bacterial infections, and vaccination against specific bacterial pathogens (e.g., Streptococcus or Staphylococcus) may indirectly reduce the risk of cellulitis by preventing related infections, but there is no direct vaccine for cellulitis.
Choice D rationale:
"Clean and properly care for any breaks in your skin to reduce the risk of cellulitis." This statement is accurate and emphasizes an essential preventive measure for cellulitis.
Keeping the skin clean, promptly treating any cuts or wounds, and practicing proper wound care can reduce the risk of cellulitis by preventing bacterial entry and infection.
A nurse is assessing a patient with localized redness, warmth, and swelling in the lower limb. The patient reports pain and tenderness at the affected site.
Which nursing intervention is appropriate for this patient?
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Administering anticoagulant medication is not appropriate for a patient with localized redness, warmth, swelling, pain, and tenderness in the lower limb.
These symptoms suggest a potential inflammatory or infectious process, not a blood clot.
Anticoagulants are used to prevent or treat blood clots, and there is no indication for their use based on the presented symptoms.
Choice B rationale:
Applying cold compresses to the affected area is an appropriate nursing intervention for a patient with localized redness, warmth, swelling, pain, and tenderness.
These symptoms are indicative of inflammation or infection, and cold compresses can help reduce inflammation, relieve pain, and provide comfort to the patient.
Choice C rationale:
Encouraging the patient to ambulate frequently may not be appropriate at this stage.
Ambulation is generally encouraged to prevent complications such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in hospitalized patients.
However, in the presence of localized redness, warmth, swelling, pain, and tenderness, it is essential to identify the underlying cause and provide appropriate treatment and rest before promoting ambulation.
Choice D rationale:
Administering acetaminophen for pain relief is a reasonable option, but it addresses only the symptom (pain) and not the underlying cause of the patient's condition.
While pain management is important for patient comfort, it should be combined with interventions that directly address the inflammation or infection responsible for the symptoms.
Therefore, choice B (cold compresses) is a more appropriate initial intervention.
A client with localized redness, swelling, and tenderness in the upper limb is diagnosed with a skin infection.
The client asks, "Why am I experiencing fever and chills?" How should the nurse respond?
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
"Fever and chills are common symptoms of skin infections and indicate your body's immune response." This response is correct.
Fever and chills are often seen in response to infections as the body's natural defense mechanism.
These symptoms indicate an elevated body temperature, which can help the body fight off the infection.
Choice B rationale:
"Fever and chills are unrelated to your skin infection; we will investigate the cause separately." This response is not accurate.
Fever and chills are typically associated with infections, including skin infections.
Dismissing their connection to the skin infection is not appropriate.
Choice C rationale:
"Fever and chills are side effects of the antibiotic therapy we prescribed." This response is misleading.
While some antibiotics may cause side effects like fever or allergic reactions, fever and chills are primarily the body's response to the infection itself, not side effects of antibiotic therapy.
Choice D rationale:
"Fever and chills are due to dehydration; make sure to drink more fluids." This response is incorrect.
While dehydration can lead to symptoms like weakness and dry mouth, it is not a common cause of fever and chills in the context of a skin infection.
Fever and chills are more likely related to the infection itself.
A nurse is providing care to a patient with a skin infection. Which nursing interventions are appropriate for this patient? (Select all that apply.).
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Administering anticoagulant medication is not an appropriate nursing intervention for a patient with a skin infection.
Anticoagulants are used to prevent or treat blood clots and have no direct relevance to managing a skin infection.
Choice B rationale:
Elevating the affected limb is an appropriate nursing intervention for a patient with a skin infection.
Elevation can help reduce swelling and improve circulation to the affected area, which can aid in the healing process.
Choice C rationale:
Applying warm compresses is a suitable nursing intervention for a skin infection, as it can help promote blood flow to the affected area, alleviate pain, and potentially aid in the drainage of any abscesses or pus.
Choice D rationale:
Encouraging frequent ambulation may or may not be appropriate, depending on the severity and location of the skin infection.
While ambulation can be beneficial for preventing complications such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in some cases, it may not be suitable if the infection is in an area where movement exacerbates symptoms or if the patient's overall condition is too compromised.
Choice E rationale:
Administering NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) for pain relief is generally appropriate for a patient with a skin infection, as it can help manage pain and reduce inflammation.
However, it should be used in conjunction with other appropriate interventions like warm compresses and elevation.
A client with a skin infection has developed skin blisters and abscesses at the site.
The client is concerned about these skin changes.
What information should the nurse provide to the client regarding these skin manifestations?
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
"Skin blisters and abscesses are signs of worsening infection, and we need to adjust your antibiotic therapy." This response is not entirely accurate.
While skin blisters and abscesses can indicate a more severe infection, the immediate response should focus on proper wound care, drainage if necessary, and evaluating the effectiveness of the current antibiotic therapy.
Adjusting antibiotic therapy may be considered later if the infection does not improve.
Choice B rationale:
"Skin blisters and abscesses are common in severe cases of skin infections and may require drainage or further treatment." This response is correct.
Skin blisters and abscesses can occur in severe skin infections, and they often require drainage, wound care, and potentially further medical intervention to address the underlying infection.
Choice C rationale:
"Skin blisters and abscesses are unrelated to your skin infection and may be a separate dermatological issue." This response is not accurate.
Skin blisters and abscesses in the context of a skin infection are likely related to the infection itself and should be managed accordingly.
Choice D rationale:
"Skin blisters and abscesses indicate an allergic reaction to the antibiotic; we will switch to a different medication." This response is not appropriate unless there is clear evidence of an allergic reaction to the antibiotic.
Skin blisters and abscesses are more commonly associated with the severity of the infection or the presence of pus collection, not necessarily an allergic reaction to the medication.
A nurse is conducting an assessment of a patient with a skin infection. Which assessment findings should the nurse prioritize when planning care for this patient?
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
"The patient's ability to ambulate independently." While ambulation is an important aspect of patient care, in the context of a skin infection, the priority should be assessing and managing the infection and associated symptoms.
The patient's ability to ambulate independently should be considered but may not be the highest priority.
Choice B rationale:
"The size, shape, and characteristics of any skin lesions or blisters." This is the correct answer.
When assessing a patient with a skin infection, it is essential to prioritize the evaluation of the affected area's skin lesions or blisters.
This assessment can help determine the severity of the infection, whether there are signs of abscess formation, and guide appropriate treatment.
Choice C rationale:
"The patient's response to pain management interventions." While pain management is important, it is a secondary consideration in the context of a skin infection.
Addressing the infection's source and associated complications, such as abscesses, should take precedence.
Choice D rationale:
"The patient's daily fluid intake." While monitoring fluid intake is generally important in patient care, it may not be the highest priority in assessing and managing a skin infection unless there are specific concerns related to hydration status.
The primary focus should be on the infection itself and its associated symptoms.
A nurse is providing education to a patient with cellulitis. Which statement by the nurse is appropriate for teaching proper wound care and hygiene?
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
The statement advises the patient to scrub the affected area vigorously with soap and water.
This is not appropriate for wound care in cellulitis.
Scrubbing the area vigorously can cause further damage to the skin, increase the risk of infection, and delay healing.
The use of harsh mechanical methods like scrubbing should be avoided in wound care.
Choice B rationale:
This statement correctly advises the patient to avoid cleaning the wound with hydrogen peroxide, as it may delay healing.
Hydrogen peroxide can be cytotoxic to healthy tissue and can slow down the healing process.
It's essential to use gentle, non-cytotoxic methods for wound cleaning.
Choice C rationale:
Keeping the wound uncovered is not recommended for proper wound care in cellulitis.
Open wounds are more susceptible to contamination, and covering the wound helps protect it from environmental contaminants and reduces the risk of infection.
Choice D rationale:
Applying antibiotic ointment multiple times a day may not be necessary and could potentially lead to antibiotic resistance.
It's essential to follow the healthcare provider's instructions regarding the frequency of antibiotic ointment application.
Overuse of antibiotics can have detrimental effects on both the individual and public health.
A client with cellulitis asks the nurse about the importance of completing the full course of antibiotics. What should the nurse respond?
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Stopping antibiotics once the symptoms improve is not recommended in the treatment of cellulitis.
It's important to complete the full course of antibiotics as prescribed by the healthcare provider.
Prematurely discontinuing antibiotics can result in the infection not being completely eradicated, leading to potential recurrence and antibiotic resistance.
Choice B rationale:
Skipping doses of antibiotics can indeed affect the effectiveness of the treatment.
Consistency in taking antibiotics as prescribed is crucial to ensure that the bacteria causing the infection are completely eradicated.
Skipping doses can allow bacteria to survive and potentially develop resistance to the antibiotics.
Choice C rationale:
Completing the full course of antibiotics is the correct response.
This ensures that the infection is completely eradicated and reduces the risk of recurrence.
It also helps prevent the development of antibiotic resistance, which is a significant concern in healthcare.
Choice D rationale:
Sharing antibiotics with a family member is not advisable.
Antibiotics should only be taken by the individual for whom they are prescribed, and sharing antibiotics can lead to inappropriate use, potential adverse effects, and antibiotic resistance.
A nurse is assessing a patient with cellulitis. Select all nursing interventions that are appropriate for managing cellulitis.
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Administering prescribed antibiotics is a crucial nursing intervention in managing cellulitis.
Antibiotics are the primary treatment for bacterial infections, and they are necessary to eradicate the infection.
Choice B rationale:
Teaching the patient proper wound care and hygiene is essential for managing cellulitis.
Proper wound care can help prevent the infection from worsening and promote healing.
Education on wound care is a vital aspect of nursing care for cellulitis.
Choice C rationale:
Advising the patient to apply cold compresses to the affected area is not typically recommended in the management of cellulitis.
Cold compresses may provide some relief for discomfort, but they are not a primary treatment for cellulitis.
Antibiotics and wound care are the mainstay of treatment.
Choice D rationale:
Advising the patient to limit fluid intake is not a standard nursing intervention for managing cellulitis.
In fact, it's important for patients with cellulitis to stay well-hydrated to support their overall health and immune function.
Choice E rationale:
Monitoring for signs of complications, such as fever or worsening symptoms, is a crucial nursing intervention in managing cellulitis.
Cellulitis can lead to serious complications if not promptly identified and treated.
Close monitoring allows for early intervention if complications arise.
A client with cellulitis experiences abscess formation. What is a potential complication associated with this condition?
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Reduced pain and swelling are not typically associated with abscess formation in cellulitis.
Abscesses are often characterized by localized pain, swelling, and the presence of pus.
The development of an abscess can indicate a more severe infection.
Choice B rationale:
Spreading of the infection to deeper tissues or the bloodstream (sepsis) is a potential complication associated with cellulitis when abscess formation occurs.
If an abscess forms, bacteria can enter the bloodstream, leading to sepsis, a life-threatening condition.
Early recognition and treatment are essential to prevent sepsis.
Choice C rationale:
Improved wound healing is not a typical outcome when cellulitis leads to abscess formation.
Abscesses can impede wound healing and may require drainage and antibiotic treatment to resolve.
Choice D rationale:
Decreased redness and warmth at the site are not expected outcomes when an abscess forms in cellulitis.
Abscesses are often associated with increased redness and warmth due to inflammation and infection.
A nurse is discussing preventive measures with a patient at risk of cellulitis. What advice should the nurse provide to the patient?
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Maintaining good hand hygiene is essential in preventing cellulitis and other infections.
Discouraging hand hygiene is not appropriate advice.
Proper handwashing can help reduce the risk of infection transmission.
Choice B rationale:
The nurse should advise the patient to promptly treat any cuts, wounds, or insect bites to prevent cellulitis.
This is a valid and important preventive measure.
Prompt wound care, including cleaning, disinfection, and covering wounds, can reduce the risk of infection.
Choice C rationale:
Sharing personal items with others is not a safe practice in preventing cellulitis.
Sharing items like towels, razors, or personal care items can increase the risk of bacterial transmission and infection.
The nurse should advise against sharing personal items.
Choice D rationale:
Avoiding a healthy lifestyle can impact an individual's overall health, including their immune system function, which can influence their risk of cellulitis.
However, it's not the primary focus of preventive measures for cellulitis.
The nurse should encourage a healthy lifestyle but also provide specific advice on wound care and hygiene to prevent cellulitis.
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