Antibiotics and Antimicrobial Agents > Pharmacology
Exam Review
Commonly prescribed antimicrobial agents
Total Questions : 5
Showing 5 questions, Sign in for moreA client with a bacterial skin infection is prescribed cephalexin (Keflex).
The nurse should instruct the client to report which adverse effect of this medication?
Explanation
A rash is a possible adverse effect of cephalexin (Keflex), a type of antibiotic used to treat bacterial skin infections.A rash may indicate an allergic reaction to the medication, which can be serious and require immediate medical attention.
Choice A is wrong because diarrhea is a common side effect of cephalexin that usually does not need medical attention unless it is severe or watery.
Choice B is wrong because headache is not a common or serious side effect of cephalexin.
Choice D is wrong because nausea is a common side effect of cephalexin that usually does not need medical attention unless it is persistent or severe.
A nurse is caring for a client with a bacterial respiratory tract infection who is receiving azithromycin (Zithromax).
Which of the following actions should the nurse take? (Select all that apply.)
Explanation
Choice A is correct because azithromycin can cause liver toxicity and hepatitis, so the nurse should monitor the client’s liver function tests.
Choice B is wrong because azithromycin can be taken with or without food.
Choice C is wrong because azithromycin does not interact with dairy products.
Choice D is correct because azithromycin can increase the risk of sunburn and photosensitivity, so the nurse should advise the client to use sunscreen and avoid excessive sun exposure.
Choice E is correct because azithromycin is a bacteriostatic antibiotic that requires the client to complete the full course of therapy to prevent bacterial resistance and recurrence of infection.
A nurse is teaching a client who has a bacterial urinary tract infection about nitrofurantoin (Macrobid).
Which of the following statements by the client indicates understanding of the teaching?
Explanation
This statement indicates that the client understands that nitrofurantoin (Macrobid) can cause gastrointestinal upset and taking it with food or milk can help reduce this side effect.
Choice B is wrong because drinking at least two liters of water daily is a general measure to prevent urinary tract infections (UTIs), not a specific instruction for nitrofurantoin.
Choice C is wrong because the client should complete the full course of antibiotics even if they feel better, to avoid recurrence or resistance of the infection.
Choice D is wrong because using a straw to drink this medication is not necessary or helpful.
Nitrofurantoin is an oral capsule, not a liquid.Using a straw may be advised for liquid medications that can stain the teeth, such as iron supplements.
A nurse is reviewing the medication history of a client who has a bacterial gastrointestinal infection and a prescription for metronidazole (Flagyl).
The nurse should identify that which of the following medications can interact with metronidazole?
Explanation
Warfarin (Coumadin) can interact with metronidazole (Flagyl) and increase the risk of bleeding.This is because metronidazole may inhibit the enzyme that metabolizes warfarin, leading to higher warfarin levels and enhanced anticoagulant effect.If a patient is taking warfarin and metronidazole, they may need a dose adjustment and frequent monitoring of their INR.They should also watch for any signs of bleeding or bruising and report them to their doctor.
Choice B is wrong because levothyroxine (Synthroid) does not have a significant interaction with metronidazole.
Choice C is wrong because lisinopril (Prinivil) does not have a significant interaction with metronidazole.
Choice D is wrong because omeprazole (Prilosec) does not have a significant interaction with metronidazole.
A nurse is preparing to administer ceftriaxone (Rocephin) to a client who has bacterial meningitis.
The nurse should recognize that this medication is effective against which type of bacteria?
Explanation
Ceftriaxone (Rocephin) is athird-generation cephalosporin antibioticthat works byinterfering with the formation of bacterial cell walls.It is effective againstgram-negative bacteria, such asNeisseria gonorrhoeaeandHaemophilus species, which are common causes of bacterial meningitis.
Choice A is wrong because ceftriaxone is less active againstgram-positive bacteria, such asStaphylococcusandStreptococcusspecies.
Choice C is wrong because ceftriaxone is not effective againstanaerobic bacteria, which are bacteria that do not require oxygen to grow.Anaerobic bacteria are usually treated withmetronidazoleorclindamycin.
Choice D is wrong because ceftriaxone can treat bothaerobicandanaerobicgram-negative bacteria, but not all aerobic bacteria are gram-negative.
Aerobic bacteria are bacteria that require oxygen to grow.Some examples of aerobic gram-positive bacteria areListeria monocytogenesandBacillus anthracis, which are resistant to ceftriaxone.
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