Cor pulmonale is a condition in which the right side of the heart fails due to increased pressure in the pulmonary arteries, caused by chronic lung disease. This results in fluid retention and venous congestion, leading to distended neck veins and peripheral edema.

Incorrect options:

A) Clubbing of the fingers and toes - This is a sign of chronic hypoxia, which may be present in clients with COPD, but does not necessarily indicate cor pulmonale.

C) Wheezes and crackles in the lung fields - These are signs of airway obstruction and fluid accumulation in the lungs, which are common in clients with COPD, but do not directly reflect the status of the right heart.

D) Cyanosis of the lips and nail beds - This is a sign of poor oxygenation, which may occur in clients with COPD, but does not indicate the presence of cor pulmonale.

DKA is a life-threatening condition in which the body produces excess ketones due to a lack of insulin, resulting in metabolic acidosis, dehydration, and electrolyte imbalance. The most common triggers for DKA are acute stress or infection, which increase the body's demand for insulin and glucose.

Incorrect options:

A) Insufficient insulin administration - This is a possible cause of DKA, but not the most likely one, as clients with type 2 diabetes mellitus usually have some endogenous insulin production and may not require exogenous insulin therapy.

B) Excessive carbohydrate intake - This may cause hyperglycemia, but not DKA, as carbohydrates do not produce ketones when metabolized.

C) Prolonged physical activity - This may lower blood glucose levels, but not cause DKA, as exercise increases insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake by the muscles.

Methotrexate is a potent immunosuppressant and cytotoxic agent that can cause serious adverse effects, such as bone marrow suppression, hepatotoxicity, pulmonary toxicity, and teratogenicity. The client should be instructed to monitor their blood counts, liver function tests, chest x-rays, and pregnancy tests regularly, and report any signs of infection, bleeding, jaundice, cough, or dyspnea. Blood pressure monitoring is not directly related to methotrexate therapy.

Incorrect options:

A) "I will take folic acid supplements to prevent side effects." - This is a correct statement, as folic acid supplementation can reduce the risk of methotrexate-induced hematologic toxicity and mucositis.

B) "I will avoid drinking alcohol while taking this medication." - This is a correct statement, as alcohol consumption can increase the risk of methotrexate-induced liver damage.

D) "I will use contraception to prevent pregnancy while taking this medication." - This is a correct statement, as methotrexate is contraindicated in pregnancy due to its potential teratogenic effects on the fetus.

Glomerulonephritis is a common complication of SLE, as the autoimmune disorder causes inflammation and damage to the glomeruli, the filtering units of the kidneys. This can lead to proteinuria, hematuria, hypertension, edema, and renal failure.

Incorrect options:

B) Thyroid storm - This is a rare complication of hyperthyroidism, not SLE. It is characterized by a severe exacerbation of thyroid hormone effects, such as fever, tachycardia, agitation, and delirium.

C) Pancreatitis - This is an inflammation of the pancreas, which can be caused by various factors, such as gallstones, alcohol abuse, trauma, or medications. It is not directly related to SLE.

D) Peptic ulcer disease - This is a condition in which ulcers form in the lining of the stomach or duodenum, due to erosion by gastric acid and pepsin. It can be caused by Helicobacter pylori infection, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), stress, or smoking. It is not directly related to SLE.