The correct answer is choice D. Involve the mother in the infant’s care as much as possible.This is because maternal role attainment is adevelopmental, interactive, adaptive, and committed multi-dimensional processthat leads to maternal identity, formation of maternal skills, resiliency, development of newborn, improvement of mother-newborn interactions and increased well-being of the mother.By involving the mother in the infant’s care, the nurse can facilitate this process and help the mother accept and play the motherhood role more quickly and confidently.

Choice A is wrong because visiting the neonatal intensive care unit as often as possible is not enough to promote maternal role attainment.The mother needs to have active participation and interaction with her infant, not just passive observation.

Choice B is wrong because explaining the medical procedures and equipment used for the infant’s care is not sufficient to promote maternal role attainment.The mother needs to have emotional and physical contact with her infant, not just cognitive understanding of the infant’s condition.

Choice C is wrong because providing positive feedback and reassurance to the mother about her abilities is not adequate to promote maternal role attainment.The mother needs to have practical experience and competence in taking care of her infant, not just verbal encouragement.

Answer and explanation..

The correct answer is choice C. Increased development and attachment of their infants.

Maternal role attainment is the process by which a woman learns to identify and perform the behaviors expected of a mother.

This process enhances the mother-infant bond and promotes the infant’s physical, emotional, and cognitive development.

Choice A is wrong because increased security and trust in their infants is an outcome of maternal role attainment, not a benefit for the mothers.

Choice B is wrong because increased self-esteem and happiness in their lives are possible benefits for the mothers, but they are not directly related to maternal role attainment.

Choice D is wrong because increased resilience and fulfillment in their roles are also possible benefits for the mothers, but they are not specific to maternal role attainment.

They could apply to any role that a woman assumes in her life.

The correct answer is choice C. The mother avoids eye contact and turns away from her infant.

This observation would indicate impaired bonding after a cesarean delivery because it shows a lack of interest, affection, and attachment to the infant.According to some studies, cesarean delivery can affect parent-infant bonding and the birth experience can mediate this association.

Choice A is wrong because the mother expresses concern about her infant’s well-being.

This observation would indicate a positive and caring attitude toward the infant, which is a sign of healthy bonding.

Choice B is wrong because the mother holds her infant close to her chest and talks softly.

This observation would indicate a warm and nurturing behavior toward the infant, which is a sign of strong bonding.

Choice D is wrong because the mother asks questions about her infant’s appearance and behavior.

This observation would indicate a curious and attentive attitude toward the infant, which is a sign of normal bonding.

Normal ranges for parent-infant bonding are not well defined, but some factors that can influence it are the mode of delivery, the birth experience, the prenatal attachment, the maternal mental health, and the infant’s health and temperament.

The correct answer is D. Assisting the client with feeding, bathing, and diapering her infant. The nurse should provide opportunities for the client to interact with her infant and learn basic caregiving skills, which can enhance maternal role attainment. The nurse should also provide positive feedback and encouragement to the client as she develops confidence and competence in her maternal role.

A. Referring the client to a social worker for counseling and support is incorrect. Although this intervention may be helpful for the client’s psychosocial needs and substance abuse issues, it does not directly promote maternal role attainment. The nurse should collaborate with the social worker and other members of the interdisciplinary team to provide comprehensive care for the client.

B. Educating the client about the effects of substance abuse on her infant is incorrect. Although this intervention may be important for the client’s awareness and motivation to change her behavior, it does not directly promote maternal role attainment. The nurse should provide education in a nonjudgmental and supportive manner and assess the client’s readiness to change.

C. Providing opportunities for the client to interact with other teenage mothers is incorrect. Although this intervention may be beneficial for the client’s social support and peer learning, it does not directly promote maternal role attainment. The nurse should facilitate group activities that foster positive interactions between mothers and their infants.