Immobility can lead to decreased cardiac output due to reduced activity and muscle contraction. This can result in impaired circulation, increased venous stasis, and an elevated risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT).

Incorrect choices:

a. Decreased respiratory function is a different effect of immobility and can lead to respiratory complications such as atelectasis or pneumonia.

b. Decreased muscle strength is another effect of immobility but is not directly associated with an increased risk of deep vein thrombosis.

d. Decreased bone density is a consequence of immobility, but it is not specifically related to impaired circulation and DVT.

Immobility can lead to reduced lung expansion, shallow breathing, and inadequate ventilation, which can result in hypoxia or decreased oxygenation of tissues.

Incorrect choices:

a. Hyperventilation refers to an increased rate or depth of breathing and is not typically associated with immobility.

c. Hypotension refers to low blood pressure and is not directly related to respiratory complications caused by immobility.

d. Hypertension refers to high blood pressure and is not directly associated with respiratory complications caused by immobility.

Immobility can disrupt normal bowel function, leading to decreased peristalsis and increased water absorption in the intestines, resulting in constipation.

Incorrect choices:

a. Increased appetite is not a typical gastrointestinal effect of immobility.

b. Immobility generally leads to decreased peristalsis rather than increased peristalsis.

d. Diarrhea is not a typical gastrointestinal effect of immobility.

Prolonged immobility can lead to a decrease in bone mineral density and the development of osteoporosis, a condition characterized by weak and brittle bones.

Incorrect choices:

a. Immobility typically results in decreased muscle strength rather than increased muscle strength.

b. Joint flexibility may decrease due to immobility and the development of joint contractures.

d. Prolonged immobility increases the risk of contractures, which are permanent shortening of muscles and tendons leading to limited joint mobility.

Immobility can lead to psychological distress, including increased risk of anxiety and depression due to limitations in mobility, decreased independence, and decreased social interaction.

Incorrect choices:

a. Immobility often leads to decreased motivation due to the physical limitations it imposes.

b. Immobility increases the risk of depression rather than decreasing it.

c. Immobility typically decreases the sense of independence due to reliance on others for assistance.