B) Correct. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are most effective when taken on an empty stomach, about 30 minutes before a meal. This ensures optimal absorption and inhibits gastric acid secretion during mealtime.

A) Incorrect. PPIs do not need to be taken with a full glass of water. However, taking them with a small amount of water is recommended to aid in swallowing.

C) Incorrect. PPIs should not be crushed. They are usually in delayed-release or enteric-coated form to protect the medication from stomach acid and facilitate absorption in the small intestine.

D) Incorrect. Taking PPIs right before bedtime is not necessary or recommended unless specifically prescribed by the healthcare provider.

A) Correct. When a client is receiving a bowel cleansing agent, such as a laxative or oral sodium phosphate solution, monitoring electrolyte levels is crucial. These medications can cause electrolyte imbalances, especially hypokalemia, hyponatremia, and dehydration. The nurse should closely monitor the client's electrolyte levels and intervene appropriately to prevent complications.

B) Incorrect. Respiratory rate monitoring is important but is not the priority assessment specifically related to bowel cleansing agents.

C) Incorrect. Urine output monitoring is important but is not the priority assessment specifically related to bowel cleansing agents.

D) Incorrect. Blood glucose level monitoring is not directly affected by bowel cleansing agents and does not require prioritization in this scenario.

D) Correct. H2 blockers, such as ranitidine or famotidine, are usually administered orally and do not require shaking. However, the nurse should monitor the client for signs of anaphylaxis, such as rash, itching, difficulty breathing, or swelling, as rare but serious allergic reactions can occur. Prompt recognition and intervention are essential in such cases.

A) Incorrect. H2 blockers can be taken with or without food, depending on the client's preference or specific instructions from the healthcare provider.

B) Incorrect. H2 blockers do not require shaking before administration.

C) Incorrect. H2 blockers are typically administered orally and are not given intravenously unless there are specific indications and healthcare provider orders.

A) Correct. Bulk-forming laxatives, such as psyllium, should be taken with a full glass of water. This helps prevent the medication from swelling and causing an obstruction in the esophagus or gastrointestinal tract. It also aids in the formation of a soft, bulky stool.

B) Incorrect. Bulk-forming laxatives do not provide immediate relief. They work by increasing the bulk and water content of the stool, which takes time to produce a laxative effect.

C) Incorrect. Bulk-forming laxatives should not be crushed. They are typically available as granules or powder that can be mixed with liquid.

D) Incorrect. Bulk-forming laxatives can be taken at any time of the day, depending on the client's preference or specific instructions from the healthcare provider.

C) Correct. Sucralfate (Carafate) forms a protective barrier over the ulcer, allowing it to heal. However, it can interact with antacids, reducing its effectiveness. Therefore, the client should avoid taking antacids within 30 minutes before or after sucralfate administration.

A) Incorrect. Sucralfate should be taken on an empty stomach, but this does not necessarily mean it needs to be taken in the morning before breakfast.

B) Incorrect. Sucralfate should be swallowed whole without chewing. Chewing the medication is not necessary and may interfere with its effectiveness.

D) Incorrect. Sucralfate can be taken multiple times a day, depending on the healthcare provider's instructions. It does not necessarily need to be taken at bedtime.

C) Correct. Gastrointestinal bleeding is a potential adverse effect of NSAID use. NSAIDs can cause irritation and damage to the lining of the stomach and intestines, leading to bleeding and ulcers.

A) Incorrect. Constipation is not a common adverse effect of NSAIDs. Instead, NSAIDs can cause gastrointestinal disturbances such as diarrhea or abdominal pain.

B) Incorrect. Hypotension is not a typical adverse effect of NSAIDs. However, some individuals may experience fluid retention and edema, which can lead to elevated blood pressure.

D) Incorrect. Bronchospasm is not directly associated with NSAIDs. However, individuals with a history of aspirin sensitivity or asthma may experience bronchospasm as a hypersensitivity reaction to NSAIDs.

A) Correct. Antidiarrheal medications can cause constipation as an adverse effect.These medications slow down the movement of the gastrointestinal tract, which can lead to a delay in bowel movements and the potential for constipation.
B) Incorrect. Urinary retention is not a common adverse effect of antidiarrheal medications. Instead, urinary retention is associated with medications such as anticholinergics or opioids.
C ) Incorrect. Hypertension is not a typical adverse effect of antidiarrheal medications.
D) Incorrect. Diuresis, which refers to increased urine production, is not associated with antidiarrheal medications. Diuresis is more commonly associated with diuretic medications.

D) Correct. Antacid medications can interfere with the absorption of other medications. Therefore, the client should be advised to avoid taking other medications within 1 hour of taking an antacid.

A) Incorrect. Antacid medications can be taken with or without food, depending on the client's preference or specific instructions from the healthcare provider.

B) Incorrect. Antacid medications do not need to be crushed before swallowing. They are typically available as tablets, chewable tablets, or liquids.

C) Incorrect. Taking antacid medication immediately before bedtime is not necessary or recommended unless specifically prescribed by the healthcare provider. The timing of antacid administration can vary based on the client's symptoms and medication regimen.