Blood and Cardiovascular Disorders > Medical Surgical
Exam Review
Hypertension
Total Questions : 42
Showing 42 questions, Sign in for moreA nurse is providing education to a client about hypertension. Which statement made by the nurse is accurate?
Explanation
Rationale:
A) This statement is incorrect. Hypertension is characterized by elevated blood pressure levels, not low blood pressure levels.
B) This statement is incorrect. Regular screenings for hypertension are essential, even in the absence of symptoms, to detect and manage the condition early.
C) Correct answer. Hypertension is often asymptomatic in its early stages, which makes routine screenings crucial for timely diagnosis and intervention.
D) This statement is incorrect. While a family history of hypertension is a risk factor, there are other non-modifiable and modifiable risk factors that can contribute to the development of hypertension.
A nurse is discussing modifiable risk factors for hypertension with a client. Which factor should the nurse include in the discussion?
Explanation
Rationale:
A) This option is incorrect. Age is a non-modifiable risk factor for hypertension.
B) This option is incorrect. Family history is a non-modifiable risk factor for hypertension.
C) Correct answer. Smoking is a modifiable risk factor that can contribute to the development of hypertension. Smoking causes vasoconstriction and damages the blood vessel walls, leading to elevated blood pressure.
D) This option is incorrect. Genetics is a non-modifiable risk factor for hypertension.
A nurse is explaining the pathophysiology of hypertension to a client. Which process is primarily responsible for elevated blood pressure in hypertension?
Explanation
Rationale:
A) This option is incorrect. In hypertension, there is often vasoconstriction and increased sodium retention, leading to elevated blood pressure.
B) Correct answer. Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is a key mechanism in hypertension. It leads to vasoconstriction and increased water and sodium retention, elevating blood pressure.
C) This option is incorrect. In hypertension, sympathetic nervous system activity is often increased, not decreased.
D) This option is incorrect. In hypertension, there is reduced nitric oxide production, which contributes to arterial stiffness and elevated blood pressure.
A nurse is assessing a client suspected of having hypertension. Which clinical manifestation may be present in the early stages of hypertension?
Explanation
A) This option is incorrect. Severe headaches are more commonly associated with hypertensive crises, not the early stages of hypertension.
B) This option is incorrect. Blurred vision may occur in severe hypertension but is not a typical early-stage manifestation.
C) This option is incorrect. Chest pain may be related to other cardiovascular conditions but is not a common manifestation of early-stage hypertension.
D) Correct answer. Hypertension is often asymptomatic in its early stages, making routine screenings crucial for early detection.
A nurse is reviewing diagnostic tests for hypertension with a client. Which test directly measures blood pressure levels for 24 hours?
Explanation
A) This option is incorrect. An electrocardiogram (ECG) measures electrical activity in the heart, not blood pressure levels.
B) This option is incorrect. A blood glucose test measures blood sugar levels, not blood pressure.
C) Correct answer. Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring (ABPM) is a diagnostic test that measures blood pressure levels at regular intervals over 24 hours, providing a comprehensive view of a client's blood pressure variations.
D) This option is incorrect. A renal function panel assesses kidney function, not blood pressure levels.
A nurse is discussing complications of hypertension with a client. Which target organ damage is related to hypertensive retinopathy?
Explanation
A) This option is incorrect. Heart complications of hypertension include heart failure, myocardial infarction, and arrhythmias.
B) This option is incorrect. Kidney complications of hypertension include nephrosclerosis and chronic kidney disease.
C) This option is incorrect. Brain complications of hypertension include stroke and transient ischemic attacks (TIA).
D) Correct answer. Hypertensive retinopathy refers to damage to the blood vessels in the eyes due to hypertension, leading to vision problems and potential vision loss.
A nurse is providing education on hypertension management to a client. Which statement by the nurse accurately reflects a lifestyle modification for managing hypertension?
Explanation
A) This option is incorrect. A high-sodium diet can exacerbate hypertension by causing fluid retention and raising blood pressure.
B) This option is incorrect. Smoking is a risk factor for hypertension and can lead to vasoconstriction, increasing blood pressure.
C) This option is incorrect. Regular physical activity is recommended for hypertension management as it can help improve cardiovascular health and lower blood pressure.
D) Correct answer. Maintaining a healthy weight and engaging in regular exercise are important lifestyle modifications for managing hypertension. Weight reduction and physical activity can help improve blood pressure control and overall cardiovascular health.
Questions
A nurse is discussing non-modifiable risk factors for hypertension with a client. Which factor should the nurse include in the discussion?
Explanation
A) Correct answer. Age is a non-modifiable risk factor for hypertension. As individuals get older, the risk of developing hypertension increases.
B) This option is incorrect. A sedentary lifestyle is a modifiable risk factor for hypertension, as regular physical activity can help lower blood pressure.
C) This option is incorrect. High sodium intake is a modifiable risk factor for hypertension. Reducing sodium intake can help prevent and manage hypertension.
D) This option is incorrect. Obesity is a modifiable risk factor for hypertension. Weight reduction through lifestyle changes can contribute to blood pressure control.
A nurse is discussing modifiable risk factors for hypertension with a client. Which factor should the nurse include in the discussion?
Explanation
A) This option is incorrect. A family history of hypertension is a non-modifiable risk factor.
B) This option is incorrect. Ethnicity, such as being African-American, is a non-modifiable risk factor for hypertension.
C) Correct answer. Tobacco use is a modifiable risk factor for hypertension. Smoking causes vasoconstriction and damages blood vessels, contributing to elevated blood pressure.
D) This option is incorrect. Advancing age is a non-modifiable risk factor for hypertension.
A nurse is providing education on hypertension risk factors to a group of clients. Which client statement indicates a need for further clarification?
Explanation
A) This statement is correct. Limiting alcohol intake can help reduce the risk of hypertension, as excessive alcohol consumption is a modifiable risk factor.
B) Correct answer. Family history of hypertension is a non-modifiable risk factor that can increase a person's chances of developing hypertension.
C) This statement is correct. Regular exercise can help lower blood pressure and is a beneficial lifestyle modification for hypertension prevention and management.
D) This statement is correct. Reducing stress levels can help prevent hypertension, as chronic stress is associated with elevated blood pressure.
A client asks the nurse about the relationship between hypertension and salt intake. What should the nurse explain?
Explanation
A) This option is incorrect. High salt intake is a significant risk factor for hypertension, and reducing salt intake is important for blood pressure management.
B) Correct answer. Reducing salt intake can indeed help lower blood pressure and decrease the risk of developing hypertension. High salt intake can lead to fluid retention and increased blood pressure.
C) This option is incorrect. Salt intake is a concern for everyone, regardless of family history, as it can impact blood pressure levels.
D) This option is incorrect. Salt intake is relevant for individuals of all ages, not just older adults. Excessive salt intake can affect blood pressure at any age.
A nurse is conducting a hypertension risk assessment for a client. Which question is most relevant in identifying a modifiable risk factor?
Explanation
A) This question is not relevant to identifying a modifiable risk factor, as family history is a non-modifiable risk factor.
B) This question is not relevant to identifying a modifiable risk factor, as age is a non-modifiable risk factor.
C) Correct answer. This question is relevant in identifying a modifiable risk factor. Regular physical activity is a lifestyle choice that can impact blood pressure and overall cardiovascular health.
D) This question is not relevant to identifying a modifiable risk factor, as ethnicity is a non-modifiable risk factor.
A client with hypertension asks the nurse if stress could be contributing to their condition. How should the nurse respond?
Explanation
A) This option is incorrect. Stress can have a significant impact on blood pressure, especially in individuals with hypertension.
B) This option is incorrect. Stress can be a significant factor in the development and worsening of hypertension, not just a temporary effect.
C) Correct answer. Stress can lead to elevated blood pressure, as it activates the sympathetic nervous system and increases the release of stress hormones like cortisol, contributing to hypertension.
D) This option is incorrect. Stress can affect blood pressure in all individuals, regardless of family history. It is a modifiable risk factor that can be managed through stress-reduction techniques.
Questions
A client asks the nurse about common symptoms associated with hypertension. How should the nurse respond?
Explanation
A) This option is incorrect. While severe headaches and visual disturbances can occur in hypertensive crises, they are not typical symptoms of hypertension in its early stages.
B) This option is incorrect. Chest pain and shortness of breath are not common symptoms of hypertension.
C) Correct answer. Hypertension is often asymptomatic in its early stages, earning it the nickname "silent killer." Occasionally, clients may experience nosebleeds and fatigue, but many individuals with hypertension do not exhibit any noticeable symptoms.
D) This option is incorrect. Palpitations and increased heart rate are not typical symptoms of hypertension. These may be indicative of other cardiac conditions.
A nurse is assessing a client with hypertension. Which symptom should the nurse be particularly vigilant about, as it could indicate a hypertensive emergency?
Explanation
A) This option is incorrect. Blurred vision may be a symptom of hypertension, but it is not specific to hypertensive emergencies.
B) Correct answer. Severe headache is a concerning symptom that could indicate a hypertensive emergency, such as malignant hypertension or hypertensive encephalopathy.
C) This option is incorrect. Occasional dizziness is not specific to hypertensive emergencies, although it may be associated with uncontrolled hypertension.
D) This option is incorrect. Mild chest discomfort is not a typical symptom of a hypertensive emergency. However, any chest pain should be evaluated promptly as it may be indicative of other cardiac issues.
A nurse is assessing a client with long-standing uncontrolled hypertension. Which clinical manifestation should the nurse anticipate as a result of target organ damage?
Explanation
A) Correct answer. Proteinuria (presence of protein in urine) and edema (swelling) are common signs of kidney damage (nephrosclerosis) resulting from long-standing uncontrolled hypertension.
B) This option is incorrect. Weight loss and increased appetite are not typical manifestations of target organ damage in hypertension.
C) This option is incorrect. Improved exercise tolerance is not associated with target organ damage in hypertension.
D) This option is incorrect. Reduced urine output is not typically associated with target organ damage in hypertension. However, reduced urine output may occur in acute hypertensive emergencies, such as hypertensive nephropathy.
A nurse is educating a client about complications of uncontrolled hypertension. Which complication should the nurse emphasize as a common result of hypertension-induced arterial damage?
Explanation
A) This option is incorrect. Visual disturbances are more commonly associated with hypertensive crises, not arterial damage.
B) This option is incorrect. Peripheral neuropathy is not a common complication of hypertension.
C) This option is incorrect. Peripheral edema is often associated with heart failure, not arterial damage resulting from hypertension.
D) Correct answer. Atherosclerosis, the buildup of plaque in the arteries, is a common complication of uncontrolled hypertension. Hypertension can cause chronic damage to the blood vessel walls, promoting the development of atherosclerotic plaques, which further narrows and stiffens the arteries.
A nurse is conducting a health screening for hypertension in a community setting. Which question should the nurse ask to assess for potential hypertension-related symptoms?
Explanation
A) This option is incorrect. Sudden weight loss or gain is not typically associated with hypertension-related symptoms.
B) Correct answer. Fatigue and tiredness can be symptoms of hypertension, especially if it is uncontrolled or has led to target organ damage.
C) This option is incorrect. Abdominal pain or discomfort is not commonly associated with hypertension.
D) This option is incorrect. Changes in skin texture or color are not typical symptoms of hypertension.
A client with hypertension reports occasional episodes of nosebleeds. What information should the nurse provide to the client regarding this symptom?
Explanation
A) Correct answer. Occasional nosebleeds are typically unrelated to hypertension and are commonly caused by dry air, nasal irritation, or other factors.
B) This option is incorrect. While nosebleeds can occur in individuals with hypertension, they are not specific to hypertension and do not necessarily indicate worsening of the condition.
C) This option is incorrect. Nosebleeds are not an early warning sign of hypertensive crisis. Severe headache, shortness of breath, and neurological symptoms are more indicative of hypertensive crisis.
D) This option is incorrect. Nosebleeds, in isolation, are not usually indicative of severe hypertension. However, chronic uncontrolled hypertension can lead to target organ damage and potentially life-threatening complications.
A nurse is assessing a client with hypertension. Which clinical manifestation should the nurse recognize as a possible consequence of hypertensive encephalopathy?
Explanation
A) This option is incorrect. Increased appetite and weight gain are not typical manifestations of hypertensive encephalopathy.
B) Correct answer. Hypertensive encephalopathy is characterized by visual disturbances, severe headaches, and neurological symptoms resulting from uncontrolled hypertension and cerebral edema.
C) This option is incorrect. Pain and tingling in the extremities are not directly associated with hypertensive encephalopathy.
D) This option is incorrect. Reduced urine output and fatigue are more likely related to kidney damage and heart failure, respectively, rather than hypertensive encephalopathy.
Questions
A client asks the nurse about the primary purpose of measuring blood pressure in hypertension diagnosis. How should the nurse respond?
Explanation
A) This option is incorrect. While measuring blood pressure can provide insight into the severity of hypertension-related complications, it is not the primary purpose of blood pressure measurement in hypertension diagnosis.
B) This option is incorrect. While hypertension is a significant risk factor for other cardiovascular diseases, blood pressure measurements are not primarily used to confirm the presence of those diseases.
C) This option is incorrect. Monitoring blood pressure is indeed important to assess the effectiveness of lifestyle modifications and medication in managing hypertension. However, it is not the primary purpose of blood pressure measurement in the initial diagnosis of hypertension.
D) Correct answer. Blood pressure measurement is essential in diagnosing and classifying hypertension accurately. It helps healthcare professionals determine if a person's blood pressure is within the normal range or meets the criteria for hypertension diagnosis.
A nurse is preparing a client for Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring (ABPM). Which instruction should the nurse provide to the client regarding this test?
Explanation
A) This option is incorrect. While the client should avoid excessive movement during blood pressure measurements, they do not need to remain perfectly still during the entire 24-hour monitoring period of ABPM.
B) Correct answer. The client can remove the blood pressure cuff briefly for activities like showering or bathing. However, it is essential to reapply the cuff promptly after these activities to ensure continuous monitoring.
C) This option is incorrect. Mild physical activities, such as walking, are generally allowed during ABPM, but strenuous exercise should be avoided.
D) This option is incorrect. The client is not required to record daily activities and symptoms during the 24-hour monitoring period for ABPM. Instead, the device automatically records blood pressure readings at regular intervals throughout the day and night.
A nurse is explaining the purpose of blood tests for hypertension diagnosis to a client. Which parameter should the nurse indicate as essential in assessing kidney function?
Explanation
A) This option is incorrect. While electrolyte levels are essential in assessing overall health, they are not specifically used to evaluate kidney function in the context of hypertension diagnosis.
B) This option is incorrect. Cholesterol profile evaluation is essential for assessing cardiovascular health, but it is not the primary purpose of blood tests in hypertension diagnosis.
C) This option is incorrect. Blood glucose levels are vital for diagnosing and managing diabetes, but they are not directly related to kidney function assessment for hypertension diagnosis.
D) Correct answer. Creatinine and BUN (blood urea nitrogen) levels are essential markers used to assess kidney function in the context of hypertension diagnosis. Hypertension can lead to kidney damage, and these blood tests help identify any impairment in kidney function.
A client asks the nurse about the difference between an electrocardiogram (ECG) and Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring (ABPM). How should the nurse respond?
Explanation
A) This option is incorrect. An ECG records the heart's electrical activity, not blood pressure. ABPM is used to continuously monitor blood pressure for 24 hours.
B) Correct answer. An ECG measures the heart's electrical activity by recording the electrical signals generated during each heartbeat. On the other hand, ABPM monitors blood pressure over a 24-hour period to assess blood pressure variations during different activities and times of day.
C) This option is incorrect. While both ECG and ABPM record physiological data over 24 hours, an ECG focuses on the heart's electrical activity, while ABPM is specifically for blood pressure monitoring.
D) This option is incorrect. An ECG is used to assess the heart's electrical activity, regardless of exercise. ABPM, as previously explained, monitors blood pressure continuously over 24 hours, including during periods of rest and activity.
A nurse is explaining the importance of an electrocardiogram (ECG) in the diagnosis of hypertension. Which statement should the nurse include in the discussion?
Explanation
A) This option is incorrect. While hypertension is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases like atherosclerosis, an ECG primarily assesses the heart's electrical activity, not arterial blockages.
B) Correct answer. An ECG is essential in diagnosing and assessing heart abnormalities, such as left ventricular hypertrophy, which can result from the strain caused by hypertension.
C) This option is incorrect. An ECG is not directly used to diagnose kidney damage. Blood tests like creatinine and BUN are more specific for assessing kidney function in the context of hypertension.
D) This option is incorrect. An ECG does not provide information on blood levels of sodium and potassium. Blood tests are used for evaluating electrolyte levels, not ECG results.
A client is scheduled for a renal function panel to evaluate hypertension-related kidney damage. Which lab values should the nurse expect to be included in this panel?
Explanation
A) This option is incorrect. Liver enzymes (ALT and AST) are not relevant to assessing kidney function or hypertension-related kidney damage.
B) Correct answer. A renal function panel typically includes creatinine and BUN levels, as they are essential markers used to evaluate kidney function in the context of hypertension.
C) This option is incorrect. Blood glucose and HbA1c levels are related to diabetes assessment and management, not kidney function in hypertension.
D) This option is incorrect. Prothrombin time (PT) and international normalized
ratio (INR) are coagulation tests used to evaluate blood clotting, not kidney function or hypertension-related kidney damage.
A nurse is educating a client about the significance of self-monitoring blood pressure at home. Which benefit should the nurse emphasize?
Explanation
A) This option is incorrect. Home blood pressure monitoring may not identify the specific underlying causes of hypertension, as it primarily focuses on monitoring blood pressure levels.
B) Correct answer. Self-monitoring blood pressure at home allows individuals to track their blood pressure trends over time, observe the effects of lifestyle changes and medication, and communicate this information with their healthcare providers for effective management.
C) This option is incorrect. While home blood pressure monitoring can provide valuable data to determine target blood pressure ranges, healthcare providers play a crucial role in establishing appropriate targets and making treatment adjustments.
D) This option is incorrect. Home blood pressure monitoring is a valuable complement to regular medical check-ups, but it does not replace the need for healthcare visits. Regular medical check-ups are essential for comprehensive hypertension management and monitoring other health parameters.
QUESTIONS
Explanation
A) This option is incorrect. While hypertension can lead to kidney damage, it does not directly cause liver dysfunction.
B) This option is incorrect. While hypertension can impact blood vessels in the eyes, leading to hypertensive retinopathy, it does not increase the risk of cataracts.
C) This option is incorrect. Peripheral neuropathy is not a common complication of hypertension. Heart failure is a potential complication, but it is not directly related to peripheral neuropathy.
D) Correct answer. Uncontrolled high blood pressure can lead to various complications, including stroke (brain damage due to reduced blood flow), heart attack (damage to the heart muscle), and kidney damage (nephrosclerosis). These are among the most serious and common complications of hypertension.
Explanation
A) This option is incorrect. Proteinuria (presence of protein in urine) is not directly related to hypertensive retinopathy.
B) Correct answer. Blurred vision is a common symptom of hypertensive retinopathy, a condition characterized by damage to the blood vessels in the retina due to hypertension.
C) This option is incorrect. Peripheral edema is a sign of fluid retention and may be related to heart failure or kidney problems but is not specifically associated with hypertensive retinopathy.
D) This option is incorrect. Tingling in the extremities is not a typical manifestation of hypertensive retinopathy. It may be related to other conditions, such as peripheral neuropathy.
Explanation
A) This option is incorrect. Hypertensive encephalopathy results from severe and uncontrolled hypertension, causing brain swelling. It is not directly associated with hypertensive heart disease.
B) This option is incorrect. Atherosclerosis is a common complication of hypertension but is not specifically related to hypertensive heart disease.
C) Correct answer. Hypertensive heart disease refers to changes in the heart muscle structure due to chronic high blood pressure. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is a common consequence of uncontrolled hypertension, where the left ventricle of the heart becomes thickened and enlarged.
D) This option is incorrect. Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is caused by atherosclerosis in the peripheral arteries and is not directly related to hypertensive heart disease.
Explanation
A) This option is incorrect. Hypertension is not directly associated with pancreas damage.
B) This option is incorrect. Hypertension does not cause liver cirrhosis. Liver damage can occur in some cases of severe hypertension, but cirrhosis is typically caused by chronic liver disease, alcohol abuse, or viral hepatitis.
C) Correct answer. Hypertension is a significant risk factor for kidney dysfunction, including nephrosclerosis (hardening of the kidney arteries) and chronic kidney disease. Uncontrolled high blood pressure can lead to long-term damage to the kidneys.
D) This option is incorrect. Bone fractures are not directly related to hypertension or its complications.
Explanation
A) This option is incorrect. Hypertensive crises are characterized by a sudden and severe increase in blood pressure, not sudden drops.
B) This option is incorrect. During a hypertensive crisis, blood pressure levels can rise to extremely high levels, not remain stable.
C) Correct answer. Hypertensive crises involve severely high blood pressure levels, which can lead to acute organ damage and require immediate medical intervention.
D) This option is incorrect. Hypertensive crises are medical emergencies and require prompt medical intervention to lower blood pressure and prevent potential complications.
Explanation
A) This option is incorrect. Peripheral neuropathy is not directly associated with hypertensive nephropathy.
B) This option is incorrect. Hypertensive nephropathy primarily affects the kidneys and does not directly impair liver function.
C) This option is incorrect. Heart valve abnormalities are not typical complications of hypertensive nephropathy.
D) Correct answer. Hypertensive nephropathy refers to kidney damage caused by chronic high blood pressure. It can lead to chronic kidney disease (CKD), a progressive loss of kidney function over time.
Explanation
A) This option is incorrect. Reduced lung function is not directly related to hypertensive retinopathy.
B) Correct answer. Hypertensive retinopathy refers to damage to the blood vessels in the retina caused by uncontrolled high blood pressure. It can lead to vision impairment and, in severe cases, blindness.
C) This option is incorrect. Gastrointestinal bleeding is not a typical complication of hypertensive retinopathy.
D) This option is incorrect. Hypertensive retinopathy does not cause thyroid dysfunction.
QUESTIONS
A client with hypertension asks the nurse about ways to reduce stress to improve blood pressure. Which relaxation technique should the nurse recommend?
Explanation
A) Correct answer. Deep-breathing exercises are a relaxation technique that can help reduce stress and lower blood pressure. Deep breathing triggers the relaxation response, leading to decreased heart rate and blood pressure.
B) This option is incorrect. While regular exercise is beneficial for managing hypertension, high-intensity workouts may not be the best choice for stress reduction. Low to moderate-intensity exercises are more effective in promoting relaxation.
C) This option is incorrect. Consuming alcohol can have negative effects on blood pressure and overall health. It is not a recommended relaxation technique.
D) This option is incorrect. Social interactions and maintaining a support system are essential for mental well-being. Limiting social interactions may lead to increased stress and feelings of isolation.
Explanation
A) This option is incorrect. Taking antihypertensive medications on an empty stomach may lead to gastrointestinal irritation and is not the recommended approach.
B) This option is incorrect. While taking medication with a meal can help reduce potential stomach upset, it is not the primary consideration when timing antihypertensive medications.
C) Correct answer. It is essential to take antihypertensive medications at the same time every day to maintain consistent blood levels and ensure effectiveness. Consistency in medication administration is critical for controlling blood pressure.
D) This option is incorrect. Some antihypertensive medications, such as diuretics, may be best taken in the morning to avoid nighttime urination. However, the timing of medications should be discussed with the prescribing healthcare provider based on the specific medication regimen.
A nurse is conducting a health education session for a group of clients with hypertension. Which dietary modification should the nurse recommend to reduce sodium intake?
Explanation
A) This option is incorrect. Processed and canned foods often contain high levels of added sodium. Reducing sodium intake involves choosing fresh, whole foods and minimizing processed food consumption.
B) This option is incorrect. Including a variety of salty snacks would lead to an increase in sodium intake, which is not recommended for managing hypertension.
C) Correct answer. Using herbs and spices as alternatives to salt is an effective way to reduce sodium intake while adding flavor to meals. This dietary modification is beneficial for individuals with hypertension.
D) This option is incorrect. Salty cheeses and processed meats are high in sodium and should be limited in the diet of individuals with hypertension.
A nurse is caring for a client with hypertension who is prescribed a thiazide diuretic. Which instruction should the nurse include when educating the client about this medication?
Explanation
A) This option is incorrect. Thiazide diuretics are best taken in the morning to prevent nighttime urination and disturbances in sleep.
B) Correct answer. Thiazide diuretics can cause potassium loss in some individuals, so it is essential to monitor potassium levels and, if necessary, increase potassium intake through dietary sources or supplements.
C) This option is incorrect. Thiazide diuretics are not known to significantly affect blood glucose levels.
D) This option is incorrect. Thiazide diuretics may cause increased urination initially, but this effect usually diminishes over time as the body adjusts to the medication.
A nurse is caring for a client with hypertension and instructs them on self-monitoring blood pressure at home. What should the nurse include in the teaching?
Explanation
A) This option is incorrect. Checking blood pressure once a week is insufficient for effective monitoring, as it may not provide a comprehensive view of blood pressure trends.
B) This option is incorrect. Using the arm with the highest blood pressure reading consistently is not recommended. Blood pressure should be measured in the arm with the higher reading only if there
is a significant difference between the arms.
C) This option is incorrect. To obtain accurate blood pressure readings, the client should rest for at least 5 minutes in a comfortable seated position with their feet flat on the floor and arms supported at heart level. Crossing the legs may affect blood flow and accuracy of the reading.
D) Correct answer. Recording blood pressure readings and any symptoms in a journal is essential for effective self-monitoring. It provides valuable information for the healthcare provider to assess blood pressure control and make necessary adjustments to the treatment plan.
A client with hypertension asks the nurse about the role of salt substitutes in managing blood pressure. What should the nurse advise the client?
Explanation
A) This option is incorrect. While salt substitutes are often low in sodium, they may contain other minerals like potassium. Using them freely without considering their composition can have adverse effects.
B) Correct answer. Salt substitutes often contain potassium chloride as a replacement for sodium chloride. Clients taking certain medications, especially potassium-sparing diuretics or potassium supplements, should use salt substitutes with caution to avoid excessive potassium intake.
C) This option is incorrect. Some salt substitutes can effectively reduce sodium intake and contribute to blood pressure management when used appropriately.
D) This option is incorrect. Replacing regular table salt with salt substitutes may lead to increased potassium intake, which can be problematic for individuals taking medications that affect potassium levels. The client should use salt substitutes with caution and consult their healthcare provider if they have any concerns.
Questions
A client with hypertension asks the nurse about the potential complications of uncontrolled high blood pressure. How should the nurse respond?
Explanation
A) This option is incorrect. While hypertension can lead to kidney damage, it does not directly cause liver dysfunction.
B) This option is incorrect. While hypertension can impact blood vessels in the eyes, leading to hypertensive retinopathy, it does not increase the risk of cataracts.
C) This option is incorrect. Peripheral neuropathy is not a common complication of hypertension. Heart failure is a potential complication, but it is not directly related to peripheral neuropathy.
D) Correct answer. Uncontrolled high blood pressure can lead to various complications, including stroke (brain damage due to reduced blood flow), heart attack (damage to the heart muscle), and kidney damage (nephrosclerosis). These are among the most serious and common complications of hypertension.
A client asks the nurse about the role of genetics in developing hypertension. What should the nurse respond?
Explanation
A) This option is incorrect. Genetics can significantly influence the risk of developing hypertension, and lifestyle factors may exacerbate or mitigate this risk.
B) This option is incorrect. While genetics play a role in hypertension, lifestyle changes can still have a significant impact on prevention and management.
C) Correct answer. Both genetics and lifestyle factors contribute to the development of hypertension. While genetics can predispose individuals to hypertension, lifestyle choices like diet and exercise play a crucial role in its occurrence and progression.
D) This option is incorrect. Hypertension is influenced by both genetic and lifestyle factors, and poor dietary habits can exacerbate the risk.
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