Choice A reason: Type II hypersensitivity is caused by the binding of IgG or IgM antibodies to antigens on the surface of target cells. This leads to complement activation, opsonization, phagocytosis, or antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) of the target cells. It is seen in conditions such as hemolytic anemia, transfusion reactions, or Graves' disease.

Choice B reason: Type III hypersensitivity is caused by the deposition of immune complexes in the tissues and blood vessels. This leads to complement activation, inflammation, and tissue damage. It is seen in conditions such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis, or serum sickness.

Choice C reason: Type IV hypersensitivity is caused by the activation of cytotoxic T cells or helper T cells that release cytokines and recruit macrophages and other inflammatory cells. This leads to delayed and cell-mediated reactions, such as contact dermatitis, tuberculin reaction, or graft rejection.

Choice A reason: Type I hypersensitivity is not involved in tuberculin skin test, as it does not involve IgE antibodies or mast cells.

Choice B reason: Type II hypersensitivity is not involved in tuberculin skin test, as it does not involve IgG or IgM antibodies or target cells.

Choice C reason: Type III hypersensitivity is not involved in tuberculin skin test, as it does not involve immune complexes or complement activation.

Choice D reason: Type IV hypersensitivity is involved in tuberculin skin test, as it involves the activation of helper T cells that recognize the mycobacterial antigens injected into the skin and release cytokines that recruit macrophages and other inflammatory cells. This leads to a delayed and indurated reaction at the site of injection.

Choice E reason: Type V hypersensitivity is also involved in tuberculin skin test, as it involves the activation of cytotoxic T cells that recognize the mycobacterial antigens presented by MHC class I molecules on infected cells and destroy them by releasing perforin and granzymes. This leads to a cell-mediated reaction at the site of infection.

Choice B reason: An anaphylactic transfusion reaction is a type of transfusion reaction that occurs when the recipient has IgE antibodies against plasma proteins in the donor blood and causes a systemic allergic response. It manifests as urticaria, pruritus, bronchospasm, laryngeal edema, hypotension, or shock.

Choice C reason: A febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reaction is a type of transfusion reaction that occurs when the recipient has antibodies against leukocytes or platelets in the donor blood and causes a mild inflammatory response. It manifests as fever, chills, headache, or malaise.

Choice D reason: A transfusion-related acute lung injury is a type of transfusion reaction that occurs when the donor has antibodies against leukocytes in the recipient blood and causes pulmonary edema and respiratory distress. It manifests as dyspnea, hypoxia, hypotension, or fever.

Choice B reason: A type II hypersensitivity reaction is not involved in bee sting allergy, as it does not involve IgG or IgM antibodies or target cells.

Choice C reason: A type III hypersensitivity reaction is not involved in bee sting allergy, as it does not involve immune complexes or complement activation.

Choice D reason: A type IV hypersensitivity reaction is not involved in bee sting allergy, as it does not involve cytotoxic T cells or helper T cells.

Choice B reason: SLE is not an immunodeficiency disease, as it does not cause a reduced number or function of immune cells. Immunodeficiency diseases are characterized by increased susceptibility to infections and malignancies due to impaired immune response.

Choice C reason: SLE is not an infectious disease, as it is not caused by bacteria or viruses that invade the body. Infectious diseases are characterized by fever, malaise, lymphadenopathy, and organ-specific symptoms due to microbial invasion and replication.

Choice D reason: SLE is not a neoplastic disease, as it does not cause an abnormal growth and proliferation of immune cells. Neoplastic diseases are characterized by masses or tumors that result from uncontrolled cell division and differentiation.