Choice A reason: This is the correct answer, as the infectious agent is the microorganism that causes the infection, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites.

Choice B reason: This is not the correct answer, as the reservoir is the second link in the chain of infection. It is the place where the infectious agent lives and grows, such as humans, animals, plants, soil, or water.

Choice C reason: This is not the correct answer, as the portal of exit is the third link in the chain of infection. It is the way that the infectious agent leaves the reservoir, such as through body fluids, skin, mucous membranes, or respiratory tract.

Choice D reason: This is not the correct answer, as the mode of transmission is the fourth link in the chain of infection. It is the way that the infectious agent travels from one host to another, such as through direct or indirect contact, droplet, airborne, vector, or vehicle transmission.

Choice A reason: This factor may have contributed to the development of an HAI, as children have immature immune systems that make them more susceptible to infections.

Choice B reason: This factor may have contributed to the development of an HAI, as children may be exposed to other infected patients or health care workers who can transmit microorganisms through direct or indirect contact.

Choice C reason: This factor may have contributed to the development of an HAI, as children may use contaminated medical devices or equipment that can introduce microorganisms into their body, such as catheters, ventilators, or intravenous lines.

Choice D reason: This factor may have contributed to the development of an HAI, as children may contact environmental surfaces or objects that can harbor microorganisms, such as bed rails, tables, toys, or books.

Choice E reason: This factor may not have contributed to the development of an HAI, as CAIs are infections that are acquired outside of health care settings. However, CAIs may increase the risk of HAIs if they are not treated properly or if they cause complications.

Choice A reason: This statement by the nurse would be most appropriate to educate the child and family about chickenpox, as it accurately describes the infectious agent and mode of transmission for this condition.

Choice B reason: This statement by the nurse would not be appropriate to educate the child and family about chickenpox, as it incorrectly describes the infectious agent and mode of transmission for this condition. Chickenpox is not caused by a bacterium or spread through contaminated food or water.

Choice C reason: This statement by the nurse would not be appropriate to educate the child and family about chickenpox, as it incorrectly describes the infectious agent and mode of transmission for this condition. Chickenpox is not caused by a fungus or spread through inhalation of spores from soil or plants.

Choice D reason: This statement by the nurse would not be appropriate to educate the child and family about chickenpox, as it incorrectly describes the infectious agent and mode of transmission for this condition. Chickenpox is not caused by a parasite or spread through bites from mosquitoes or ticks.

Choice A reason: This is the correct answer, as standard precautions are the minimum infection control practices that should be used for all patients, regardless of their diagnosis or infection status. They include hand hygiene, use of personal protective equipment, safe injection practices, safe handling of potentially contaminated equipment or surfaces, and respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette. A private room may also help reduce the exposure of other patients or health care workers to the infectious agent.

Choice B reason: This is not the correct answer, as contact precautions are additional infection control practices that should be used for patients who have infections that can be spread by direct or indirect contact with the patient or their environment. They include wearing gloves and gowns, using dedicated equipment, and limiting patient movement outside the room. A semi-private room may also increase the risk of cross-contamination between patients.

Choice C reason: This is not the correct answer, as airborne precautions are additional infection control practices that should be used for patients who have infections that can be spread by small droplets that remain in the air for long periods of time and can be inhaled by others. They include wearing a respirator, placing the patient in a negative pressure room with an air filtration system, and limiting patient movement outside the room.

Choice D reason: This is not the correct answer, as droplet precautions are additional infection control practices that should be used for patients who have infections that can be spread by large droplets that are generated by coughing, sneezing, or talking and can be transmitted to others who are within 3 feet of the patient. They include wearing a surgical mask, placing the patient in a private room or cohorting with other patients with the same infection, and limiting patient movement outside the room. A positive pressure room may also increase the risk of spreading the infection to other areas of the hospital.

Choice A reason: This statement by the nurse would be appropriate to include in the teaching, as it helps prevent the transmission of microorganisms through hand contact.

Choice B reason: This statement by the nurse would be appropriate to include in the teaching, as it helps prevent the transmission of microorganisms through personal items.

Choice C reason: This statement by the nurse would be appropriate to include in the teaching, as it helps prevent the transmission of microorganisms through respiratory droplets.

Choice D reason: This statement by the nurse would be most appropriate to include in the teaching, as it helps prevent the occurrence and spread of common infectious diseases that can cause serious complications or death. Vaccination is one of the most effective ways to protect oneself and others from CAIs.

Questions on Standard and transmission-based precautions

Choice A reason: This is the correct answer, as gloves and gown are the appropriate PPE to wear when performing urinary catheter care for a patient who has a UTI. Gloves protect the nurse's hands from exposure to urine, which may contain infectious agents. Gown protects the nurse's clothing and skin from contamination by urine or other body fluids.

Choice B reason: This is not the correct answer, as gloves and mask are not the appropriate PPE to wear when performing urinary catheter care for a patient who has a UTI. Mask protects the nurse's mouth and nose from exposure to respiratory droplets, which are not a mode of transmission for UTIs.

Choice C reason: This is not the correct answer, as gloves and eye protection are not the appropriate PPE to wear when performing urinary catheter care for a patient who has a UTI. Eye protection protects the nurse's eyes from exposure to splashes or sprays of blood or body fluids, which are unlikely to occur during urinary catheter care.

Choice D reason: This is not the correct answer, as gloves only are not sufficient PPE to wear when performing urinary catheter care for a patient who has a UTI. Gloves protect the nurse's hands from exposure to urine, but they do not protect the nurse's clothing and skin from contamination by urine or other body fluids.

Choice A reason: This action should be taken as part of standard precautions, as it helps prevent the transmission of microorganisms through hand contact.

Choice B reason: This action should be taken as part of standard precautions, as it helps prevent the transmission of microorganisms through exposure to blood or body fluids.

Choice C reason: This action should be taken as part of standard precautions, as it helps prevent the transmission of microorganisms through respiratory droplets.

Choice D reason: This action is not part of standard precautions, but rather part of transmission-based precautions. It helps prevent the transmission of microorganisms through direct or indirect contact, airborne, or droplet routes.

Choice E reason: This action should be taken as part of standard precautions, as it helps prevent the transmission of microorganisms through environmental surfaces or objects.

Choice A reason: This statement by the nurse would not be appropriate to educate the patient and family about TB, as it incorrectly describes the infectious agent and mode of transmission for this condition. TB is not caused by a virus or spread through direct contact with skin lesions or respiratory droplets.

Choice B reason: This statement by the nurse would be most appropriate to educate the patient and family about TB, as it accurately describes the infectious agent and mode of transmission for this condition. TB is caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis that can spread through inhalation of small droplets that remain in the air for long periods of time after an infected person coughs, sneezes, or speaks.

Choice C reason: This statement by the nurse would not be appropriate to educate the patient and family about TB, as it incorrectly describes the infectious agent and mode of transmission for this condition. TB is not caused by a fungus or spread through contact with soil or plants that are contaminated with spores.

Choice D reason: This statement by the nurse would not be appropriate to educate the patient and family about TB, as it incorrectly describes the infectious agent and mode of transmission for this condition. TB is not caused by a parasite or spread through ingestion of contaminated food or water.

Choice A reason: This is not the correct answer, as gloves and gown are not sufficient PPE to wear when entering the room of a patient who has measles. Gloves protect the nurse's hands from exposure to blood or body fluids, and gown protects the nurse's clothing and skin from contamination by blood or body fluids, but they do not protect the nurse's respiratory tract from exposure to airborne droplets that contain the measles virus.

Choice B reason: This is not the correct answer, as gloves and mask are not sufficient PPE to wear when entering the room of a patient who has measles. Gloves protect the nurse's hands from exposure to blood or body fluids, and mask protects the nurse's mouth and nose from exposure to large droplets that are generated by coughing, sneezing, or talking, but they do not protect the nurse's respiratory tract from exposure to small droplets that remain in the air for long periods of time and can be inhaled by others.

Choice C reason: This is not the correct answer, as gloves and eye protection are not sufficient PPE to wear when entering the room of a patient who has measles. Gloves protect the nurse's hands from exposure to blood or body fluids, and eye protection protects the nurse's eyes from exposure to splashes or sprays of blood or body fluids, but they do not protect the nurse's respiratory tract from exposure to airborne droplets that contain the measles virus.

Choice D reason: This is the correct answer, as gloves and respirator are the appropriate PPE to wear when entering the room of a patient who has measles. Gloves protect the nurse's hands from exposure to blood or body fluids, and respirator protects the nurse's respiratory tract from exposure to airborne droplets that contain the measles virus. A respirator is a device that filters out at least 95% of airborne particles and fits tightly around the face.

Choice A reason: This is the correct answer, as contact precautions are indicated for patients who have infections that can be spread by direct or indirect contact with the patient or their environment. CDI is caused by a bacterium that produces spores that can contaminate surfaces or objects and can be transmitted through hand contact.

Choice B reason: This is not the correct answer, as droplet precautions are indicated for patients who have infections that can be spread by large droplets that are generated by coughing, sneezing, or talking and can be transmitted to others who are within 3 feet of the patient. CDI is not spread by respiratory droplets.

Choice C reason: This is not the correct answer, as airborne precautions are indicated for patients who have infections that can be spread by small droplets that remain in the air for long periods of time and can be inhaled by others. CDI is not spread by airborne droplets.

Choice D reason: This is not the correct answer, as neutropenic precautions are indicated for patients who have low white blood cell counts and are at risk of developing infections from normal flora or environmental sources. CDI is not caused by normal flora or environmental sources, but by an overgrowth of a bacterium that is usually present in small amounts in the intestine.

Choice A reason: This action should be taken by the nurse to prevent cross-contamination, as it helps protect the nurse and other patients from exposure to MRSA, which can be transmitted through direct or indirect contact with infected skin or wounds.

Choice B reason: This action should be taken by the nurse to prevent cross-contamination, as it helps prevent the transmission of MRSA, which can survive on surfaces or objects for long periods of time.

Choice C reason: This action should be taken by the nurse to prevent cross-contamination, as it helps eliminate MRSA, which can be resistant to many disinfectants and antibiotics.

Choice D reason: This is the correct answer, as all of the above actions should be taken by the nurse to prevent cross-contamination. MRSA is a serious and potentially life-threatening infection that can cause skin and soft tissue infections, bloodstream infections, pneumonia, or surgical site infections.

Choice A reason: This is not the correct answer, as contact precautions are indicated for patients who have infections that can be spread by direct or indirect contact with the patient or their environment. Influenza is not spread by contactbut by respiratory droplets.

Choice B reason: This is the correct answer, as droplet precautions are indicated for patients who have infections that can be spread by large droplets that are generated by coughing, sneezing, or talking and can be transmitted to others who are within 3 feet of the patient. Influenza is caused by a virus that can spread through respiratory droplets.

Choice C reason: This is not the correct answer, as airborne precautions are indicated for patients who have infections that can be spread by small droplets that remain in the air for long periods of time and can be inhaled by others. Influenza is not spread by airborne droplets, unless it is a novel strain that has the potential to cause a pandemic.

Choice D reason: This is not the correct answer, as neutropenic precautions are indicated for patients who have low white blood cell counts and are at risk of developing infections from normal flora or environmental sources. Influenza is not caused by normal flora or environmental sources, but by a virus that can infect the respiratory tract.

Choice A reason: This statement by the nurse would be appropriate to include in the teaching, as it helps prevent the transmission of microorganisms through hand contact between the health care workers and the patient or their equipment.

Choice B reason: This statement by the nurse would be appropriate to include in the teaching, as it helps prevent the transmission of microorganisms through self-inoculation of the mucous membranes with unwashed hands.

Choice C reason: This statement by the nurse may not be appropriate to include in the teaching, as it may not be feasible or realistic for the patient or family to keep their room clean and tidy and dispose of any waste properly. This may be more of a responsibility of the environmental services staff.

Choice D reason: This statement by the nurse would be appropriate to include in the teaching, as it helps detect and treat any HAIs early and prevent complications or spread of infection.

Choice E reason: This statement by the nurse would be appropriate to include in the teaching, as it helps reduce the exposure of the patient to potential sources of infection from visitors and protect them from transmitting any infection to others.

Questions on Safety measures