The correct answer is choice A. Encourage the client to express her feelings.This is an appropriate nursing intervention for postpartum depression (PPD) because it helps to relieve tension and improve mood. It also shows empathy and support for the client.

Choice B is wrong because telling the client that she will feel better soon is dismissive and unrealistic. It does not address the underlying causes of PPD or offer any coping strategies.

Choice C is wrong because advising the client to ignore her feelings is harmful and counterproductive.It may worsen the symptoms of PPD and increase the risk of complications.

Choice D is wrong because telling the client that she is overreacting is insensitive and judgmental. It may make the client feel guilty and ashamed of her feelings and discourage her from seeking help.

Normal ranges for PPD are not applicable because it is a psychological condition that varies from person to person.However, some signs and symptoms of PPD include overall feeling of sadness, extreme fatigue, inability to stop crying, and increased anxiety.PPD usually occurs within the first year after delivery.

The correct answer is choice A.“I am looking forward to holding my baby.” This statement indicates an understanding of the anticipatory stage of maternal role attainment, which is the social and psychological adaptation to the maternal role and learning expectations.This stage can involve fantasizing about the role and visualizing oneself as a mother.

Choice B. “I am worried about how I will cope with being a mother.” is wrong because it reflects anxiety and uncertainty about the maternal role, which may interfere with the bonding process.

Choice C. “I am not sure if I am ready to be a mother.” is wrong because it shows a lack of confidence and commitment to the maternal role, which may affect the development of maternal identity.

Choice D. “I am excited about decorating the nursery.” is wrong because it focuses on the external aspects of preparing for the baby, rather than the internal process of adapting to the maternal role.

The correct answer is choice C.“I am starting to feel like myself again.” This statement indicates an understanding of the formal stage of maternal role attainment, which is characterized by the acquisition of the maternal function at birth.In this stage, the mother learns to care for her baby by following the cues and guidance of others, such as nurses, family members, or friends.She may feel uncertain or anxious about her abilities and rely on external validation.

Choice A is wrong because it reflects the anticipatory stage of maternal role attainment, which occurs during pregnancy.In this stage, the woman experiences social and psychological adaptation to the maternal role and prepares for the birth of her baby.

Choice B is wrong because it reflects the informal stage of maternal role attainment, which occurs after the formal stage.

In this stage, the mother develops confidence and competence in caring for her baby by following her own instincts and preferences.She may modify or reject the advice of others and become more independent.

Choice D is wrong because it reflects a lack of understanding of any stage of maternal role attainment.It suggests that the mother has low self-esteem and self-efficacy in her maternal role and may need more support and education.

The correct answer is choice A. “I feel like I have finally found my own way of being a mother.” This statement indicates that the client is in the personal stage of maternal role attainment, which is the final stage of the process.In this stage, the mother has developed a sense of harmony and confidence in her maternal role and has integrated it into her identity.

Choice B is wrong because it reflects feelings of guilt and inadequacy, which are common in the formal stage of maternal role attainment.In this stage, the mother follows the rules and expectations of others and may feel overwhelmed by the demands of motherhood.

Choice C is wrong because it expresses a sense of competence and flexibility, which are characteristic of the informal stage of maternal role attainment.In this stage, the mother adapts to the needs and cues of her baby and develops her own style of mothering.

Choice D is wrong because it shows doubt and uncertainty, which are typical of the anticipatory stage of maternal role attainment.In this stage, the mother prepares for the maternal role during pregnancy and learns from various sources.