B. Biologically based therapies.

Choice A: Mindbody therapies are CAM practices that use the interaction between the brain, mind, body, and behavior to affect physical functioning and health. Examples include meditation, yoga, hypnosis, and biofeedback².

Choice B: Biologically based therapies are CAM practices that use substances found in nature, such as herbs, foods, vitamins, and dietary supplements. Examples include herbal products, probiotics, omega3 fatty acids, and antioxidants². Herbal products are classified as biologically based therapies by the FDA¹.

Choice C: Manipulative and bodybased therapies are CAM practices that involve manipulation or movement of one or more parts of the body. Examples include chiropractic, osteopathic manipulation, massage therapy, reflexology, and acupuncture².

Choice D: Energy therapies are CAM practices that involve the use of energy fields. There are two types: biofield therapies and bioelectromagneticbased therapies. Biofield therapies are intended to affect energy fields that surround and penetrate the human body. Examples include Reiki, therapeutic touch, and qi gong. Bioelectromagnetic based therapies involve the use of electromagnetic fields, such as pulsed fields, magnetic fields, or alternatingcurrent or directcurrent fields².

Choice A reason: Mindbody therapies are CAM practices that use the interaction between the brain, mind, body, and behavior to affect physical functioning and health. Examples include meditation, yoga, hypnosis, and biofeedback².

Choice B reason: Biologically based therapies are CAM practices that use substances found in nature, such as herbs, foods, vitamins, and dietary supplements. Examples include herbal products, probiotics, omega3 fatty acids, and antioxidants². Herbal products are classified as biologically based therapies by the FDA¹.

Choice C reason: Manipulative and bodybased therapies are CAM practices that involve manipulation or movement of one or more parts of the body. Examples include chiropractic, osteopathic manipulation, massage therapy, reflexology, and acupuncture².

Choice D reason: Energy therapies are CAM practices that involve the use of energy fields. There are two types: biofield therapies and bioelectromagneticbased therapies. Biofield therapies are intended to affect energy fields that surround and penetrate the human body. Examples include Reiki, therapeutic touch, and qi gong. Bioelectromagnetic based therapies involve the use of electromagnetic fields, such as pulsed fields, magnetic fields, or alternatingcurrent or directcurrent fields².

Choice A reason: Pregnancy is a contraindication for acupuncture because some acupuncture points may stimulate uterine contractions or induce labor. These points include LI 4, SP 6, UB 60, UB 67, and sacral foraminal points B 3134¹².

Choice B reason: Bleeding disorders are a contraindication for acupuncture because of the risk of excessive bleeding or bruising from the needle insertion. Patients who have hemophilia or are taking anticoagulant medications should avoid acupuncture or use it with caution¹²³.

Choice C reason: Pacemaker implantation is a contraindication for acupuncture because of the potential interference of the electrical impulses from the pacemaker with the acupuncture needles. This is especially true for electroacupuncture, which uses electrical stimulation of the needles¹²³.

Choice D reason: Diabetes mellitus is not a contraindication for acupuncture, but it may require special precautions. Patients with diabetes should monitor their blood glucose levels before and after acupuncture sessions, and avoid needling areas with poor skin condition or neuropathy¹².

Choice E reason: Hypertension is not a contraindication for acupuncture, but it may require special precautions. Patients with hypertension should monitor their blood pressure before and after acupuncture sessions, and avoid needling points that may cause a sudden drop in blood pressure, such as LI 4 or ST 36¹².

Choice A reason: Guided imagery is a mindbody technique that uses the power of the mind to alter the physical condition of the body. It involves creating and focusing on positive images in the mind, using all the senses to make the image feel as real as possible. It is often performed along with an instructor or a recording that guides the visualization. Guided imagery can help people relax their muscles and reduce tension by activating the parasympathetic nervous system, which lowers the heart rate, blood pressure, and stress hormones¹²³.

Choice B reason: Guided imagery may have some effects on the immune system, but this is not its primary purpose or benefit. Some studies have suggested that guided imagery can enhance immune function by increasing natural killer cells, lymphocytes, and immunoglobulins⁴⁵. However, more research is needed to confirm these findings and to understand the mechanisms behind them.

Choice C reason: Guided imagery may have some effects on the blood flow and blood pressure, but this is not its primary purpose or benefit. Some studies have suggested that guided imagery can improve blood flow and lower blood pressure by reducing vascular resistance, improving endothelial function, and decreasing sympathetic activity⁶ . However, more research is needed to confirm these findings and to understand the mechanisms behind them.

Choice D reason: Guided imagery is not the same as energy therapies, which are CAM practices that involve the use of energy fields. Energy therapies include biofield therapies, such as Reiki, therapeutic touch, and qi gong, and bioelectromagneticbased therapies, such as pulsed fields, magnetic fields, or alternatingcurrent or directcurrent fields. Guided imagery does not involve manipulating or balancing energy fields, but rather using mental images to affect physical functioning and health.

Choice A reason: Probiotics are live microorganisms, such as bacteria or yeast, that can confer health benefits to the host when administered in adequate amounts. Probiotics can restore the normal flora in the gut by competing with pathogenic bacteria, producing antimicrobial substances, enhancing the intestinal barrier function, and modulating the immune system¹². Probiotics have been shown to reduce the risk of antibioticassociated diarrhea (AAD), which is a common side effect of antibiotic use that disrupts the gut microbiota³⁴⁵.

Choice B reason: Probiotics are not dietary supplements, but rather foods or drugs that contain live microorganisms. Probiotics may have some effects on metabolism and digestion, but this is not their primary purpose or benefit. Probiotics may influence metabolism and digestion by affecting nutrient absorption, bile acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, glucose metabolism, and appetite regulation¹². However, more research is needed to confirm these effects and to identify the optimal probiotic strains and doses for different metabolic and digestive conditions.

Choice C reason: Probiotics are not herbal remedies, but rather live microorganisms that can be found in natural sources such as yogurt, fermented foods, or supplements. Probiotics may have some antiinflammatory effects, but this is not their primary purpose or benefit. Probiotics may modulate inflammation by affecting cytokine production, oxidative stress, intestinal permeability, and mucosal immunity¹². However, more research is needed to confirm these effects and to identify the optimal probiotic strains and doses for different inflammatory conditions.

Choice D reason: Probiotics are not natural substances that can detoxify the body and eliminate toxins. Probiotics are live microorganisms that can affect the host's health in various ways. There is no scientific evidence that probiotics can detoxify the body or eliminate toxins. Detoxification is a natural process that occurs in the liver and kidneys, and it is not influenced by probiotics⁶.

Choice A reason: Improving physical fitness, flexibility, strength, and balance. Yoga involves physical poses that stretch the muscles, increase the range of motion, and build strength and endurance. Yoga also challenges the body to maintain stability and coordination, which improves balance and prevents falls.

Choice B reason: Enhancing the body's natural healing abilities and immune system function. Yoga may modulate the immune system by affecting cytokine production, oxidative stress, inflammation, and cellular aging. Yoga may also enhance the body's natural healing abilities by improving blood circulation, oxygen delivery, wound healing, and tissue repair.

Choice C reason: Reducing stress and promoting relaxation and coping skills. Yoga combines breathing exercises, meditation, and relaxation techniques that can lower the levels of stress hormones, such as cortisol and adrenaline, and activate the parasympathetic nervous system, which induces a state of calmness and relaxation. Yoga can also improve mental health by reducing anxiety, depression, and negative emotions, and increasing selfesteem, selfawareness, and coping skills.

Choice D reason: All of the above. Yoga may have all of these effects on the client's health and wellbeing, as supported by the current web page context and various sources. Therefore, this is the correct answer.