Choice A reason: This is a correct definition of pathophysiology and does not indicate a need for further teaching.

Choice B reason: This is a correct definition of pathophysiology nursing and does not indicate a need for further teaching.

Choice C reason: This is a correct description of what pathophysiology nursing involves and does not indicate a need for further teaching.

Choice D reason: This is an incorrect statement that contradicts the text and indicates a need for further teaching.

Choice A reason: This is a correct answer because family history of diabetes is a genetic risk factor that can increase the likelihood of inheriting defects in insulin production or action.

Choice B reason: This is a correct answer because obesity is a modifiable risk factor that can cause insulin resistance, a condition in which cells do not respond properly to insulin and glucose accumulates in the blood.

Choice C reason: This is an incorrect answer because smoking is not a risk factor for developing diabetes mellitus, although it can worsen its complications such as cardiovascular disease and kidney disease.

Choice D reason: This is an incorrect answer because hypertension is not a risk factor for developing diabetes mellitus, although it can be associated with it and increase the risk of cardiovascular complications.

Choice E reason: This is a correct answer because physical inactivity is a modifiable risk factor that can reduce insulin sensitivity and glucose utilization by muscles, leading to hyperglycemia.

Choice A reason: This is a correct answer because it accurately describes the pathogenesis of asthma and its triggers. Asthma is caused by an overreaction of the immune system to certain triggers, such as allergens, infections, or irritants, that leads to inflammation, bronchoconstriction, mucus production, and coughing.

Choice B reason: This is an incorrect answer because it confuses asthma with another condition called pulmonary hypertension, which is characterized by high blood pressure in the lungs and reduced oxygen supply.

Choice C reason: This is an incorrect answer because it confuses asthma with another condition called pulmonary edema, which is characterized by fluid accumulation in the lungs and impaired gas exchange.

Choice D reason: This is an incorrect answer because it confuses asthma with another condition called cystic fibrosis, which is a genetic disorder that affects the mucus glands and causes thick and sticky mucus in the lungs and other organs.

Choice A reason: This is an incorrect answer because feeling tired and weak are common symptoms of pneumonia, but not indicative of a complication.

Choice B reason: This is an incorrect answer because coughing up yellow-green sputum with some blood is a common sign of pneumonia, but not indicative of a complication.

Choice C reason: This is an incorrect answer because having chest pain that worsens with deep breathing is a common sign of pleurisy (inflammation of the lining of the lungs), which is often associated with pneumonia, but not indicative of a complication.

Choice D reason: This is a correct answer because having trouble breathing and cyanosis are signs of hypoxemia, which is a possible complication of pneumonia that can lead to respiratory failure and death.

Choice A reason: This is a correct answer because obtaining a blood culture from the client before administering the antibiotic can help identify the causative microorganism and its sensitivity to different antibiotics, which can guide the selection of the most appropriate antibiotic therapy.

Choice B reason: This is an incorrect answer because checking the client's vital signs and oxygen saturation is an ongoing intervention that should be performed throughout the course of treatment, but not necessarily before administering the antibiotic.

Choice C reason: This is an incorrect answer because assessing the client's level of consciousness and orientation is an ongoing intervention that should be performed throughout the course of treatment, but not necessarily before administering the antibiotic.

Choice D reason: This is an incorrect answer because flushing the client's intravenous line with normal saline is an intervention that should be performed after administering the antibiotic, not before, to ensure that no residual antibiotic remains in the line.