To calculate the rate in mL/hr for the nitroglycerin infusion, you can use the following formula:

Rate (mL/hr) = (Dose (mcg/min) / Concentration (mcg/mL)) × 60 (min/hr)

Let's plug in the values:

• Dose (mcg/min) = 42 mcg/min
• Concentration (mcg/mL) = 125 mg in 500 mL = (125,000 mcg in 500 mL) = 250 mcg/mL

Now, calculate the rate:

Rate (mL/hr) = (42 mcg/min / 250 mcg/mL) × 60 min/hr

Rate (mL/hr) = (0.168 mL/min) × 60 min/hr

Rate (mL/hr) = 10.08 mL/hr

Rounded to the nearest tenth, the nurse should program the IV pump to deliver the nitroglycerin at a rate of 10.1 mL/hr.

To calculate the dosage of fosphenytoin for a 57 kg client at a rate of 0.5 mg/kg, you can use the following formula:

Dosage (mg) = Weight (kg) × Dosage per kg (mg/kg)

Dosage (mg) = 57 kg × 0.5 mg/kg

Dosage (mg) = 28.5 mg

The dosage that needs to be administered to the client is 28.5 mg.

To set up the IV pump to deliver Zofran (ondansetron) 0.15 mg/kg over 15 minutes for a patient weighing 176 lb, you'll need to convert the patient's weight to kilograms first, as the medication dosage is typically based on kilograms.

Convert the patient's weight from pounds to kilograms:
Patient's weight in kg = Patient's weight in lb / 2.2046
Patient's weight in kg = 176 lb / 2.2046 Patient's weight in kg ≈ 79.83 kg (rounded to two decimal places)

Calculate the total dose of ondansetron:
Dosage (mg) = Weight (kg) × Dosage per kg (mg/kg) Dosage (mg) = 79.83 kg × 0.15 mg/kg
Dosage (mg) ≈ 11.975 mg (rounded to three decimal places)

Determine the infusion time in hours:
Infusion time (hr) = 15 minutes / 60 minutes (since there are 60 minutes in 1 hour) Infusion time (hr) = 0.25 hr

Calculate the infusion rate (mL/hr):
Infusion rate (mL/hr) = Total volume (mL) / Infusion time (hr) Infusion rate (mL/hr) = 50 mL / 0.25 hr Infusion rate (mL/hr) = 200 mL/hr

So, the nurse should set the IV pump to deliver the correct dose at a rate of 200 mL/hr to infuse Zofran (ondansetron) 0.15 mg/kg over 15 minutes for the patient weighing 176 lb.

To determine the milligrams per minute the patient should receive, you can use the following calculation:

Total dosage (mg) / Total time (minutes)

In this case, the total dosage is 5 mg, and the total time is 2 minutes.

5 mg / 2 minutes = 2.5 mg per minute

So, the patient should receive 2.5 mg per minute of IV Lopressor (metoprolol tartrate).

A.It is the least painful location for this injection.
This statement is not necessarily true for everyone. Pain perception varies among individuals, and what might be the least painful site for one person might not be the same for another. Pain perception can also depend on factors such as the size of the needle, the technique of administration, and individual sensitivity.

B.There are fewer insulin side effects when given in this site.
The site of insulin administration (abdomen, thigh, arm) does not significantly affect the occurrence of side effects of insulin. Insulin side effects, such as hypoglycemia or allergic reactions, are related to the medication itself and individual patient factors, rather than the injection site.

C.There is steady absorption of insulin from this site.
This statement is correct, which makes it the preferred site for many people. However, the other choices incorrectly suggest reasons for this preference. The steady absorption from the abdomen is due to the consistent blood supply and tissue characteristics in this area.

D.It causes less bruising at the site.
The injection site does not solely determine the likelihood of bruising. Factors such as needle size, technique, and individual patient characteristics play a more significant role in whether bruising occurs. Bruising can happen at any injection site if proper techniques are not followed.

To calculate the number of milliliters per minute the nurse should administer, you can set up a proportion based on the ordered dose and the concentration of the medication:

1 mL (containing 1 mg) is administered in 60 seconds (1 minute).

Now, you want to find out how many milliliters (mL) you need to administer for 5 mg in 60 seconds (1 minute).

Let's set up the proportion:

(1 mL / 1 mg) = (X mL / 5 mg)

To solve for X (the number of milliliters per minute):

X = (5 mg * 1 mL) / 1 mg = 5 mL / 1 = 5 mL

So, the nurse should administer 5 milliliters per minute to the patient.

To calculate the number of hours it will take to finish the infusion at the current rate, you can use the following formula:

Time (hours) = Volume (mL) / Rate (mL/hr)

In this case, the volume is 1.5 L, which is equivalent to 1500 mL, and the rate is 75 mL/hr.

Now, plug these values into the formula:

Time (hours) = 1500 mL / 75 mL/hr

Time (hours) = 20 hours

So, it will take 20 hours to finish the infusion at the current rate.

To calculate the total amount of heparin received by the patient, you need to consider the infusion rates and the duration of the infusion.

From 9:00 am to 11:00 am, the infusion rate is 12 mL/hr, and the duration is 2 hours (from 9:00 am to 11:00 am).

12 mL/hr * 2 hours = 24 mL

From 11:00 am to 2:00 pm, the infusion rate is 10 mL/hr, and the duration is 3 hours (from 11:00 am to 2:00 pm).

10 mL/hr * 3 hours = 30 mL

Now, you know the total volume infused during each time period. To calculate the total amount of heparin received, you need to convert milliliters to units based on the concentration of heparin in the solution.

The concentration is 25,000 units in 250 mL. So, 1 mL contains 100 units of heparin.

Now, calculate the total amount of heparin received:

From 9:00 am to 11:00 am: 24 mL * 100 units/mL = 2400 units

From 11:00 am to 2:00 pm: 30 mL * 100 units/mL = 3000 units

Now, add these amounts together:

2400 units + 3000 units = 5400 units

The patient received a total of 5400 units of heparin from 9:00 am to 2:00 pm.

To calculate the volume (mL) of Morphine sulfate 5 mg/mL that should be administered to deliver 10 mg of Morphine sulfate, you can use the following formula:

Volume (mL) = Required dose (mg) / Concentration (mg/mL)

In this case:
Required dose = 10 mg Concentration = 5 mg/mL

Now, plug these values into the formula:
Volume (mL) = 10 mg / 5 mg/mL
Volume (mL) = 2 mL

You should administer 2 mL of Morphine sulfate 5 mg/mL to deliver the ordered dose of 10 mg of Morphine sulfate.

The correct angle for giving an intradermal injection is usually 10 to 15 degrees. Intradermal injections are administered just below the epidermis (the top layer of skin) into the dermal layer, which is relatively shallow. The angle is kept shallow to ensure that the medication is deposited within the dermis for absorption.

To calculate the infusion rate in mL/hr, you first need to find the total dosage the patient needs per minute and then convert it to mL/hr.

Convert the patient's weight from pounds to kilograms: 110 lb ÷ 2.2 = 50 kg

Calculate the total dosage per minute:
Dosage = 200 micrograms/kg/minute * 50 kg = 10,000 micrograms/minute or 10 mg/minute

Calculate the total volume per minute:
Concentration of esmolol solution = 2.5 grams in 250 mL = 10 mg/mL Volume = Dosage ÷ Concentration = 10 mg/minute ÷ 10 mg/mL = 1 mL/minute

Convert the volume per minute to mL/hr: 1 mL/minute × 60 minutes/hour = 60 mL/hour

So, the nurse should program the IV pump to deliver 60 mL/hr.

To calculate the rate per hour to administer the loading dose of magnesium sulfate, you need to first find out how much magnesium sulfate is in the 6-gram loading dose, and then determine the rate at which this amount is administered over 30 minutes.

Determine the amount of magnesium sulfate in the 6-gram loading dose:
The physician orders 6 grams of magnesium sulfate.

Determine the volume of lactated Ringer's solution needed to provide 6 grams of magnesium sulfate:
In 1 liter of lactated Ringer's solution, there are 40 grams of magnesium sulfate.

Volume needed = (6 grams / 40 grams per liter) * 1 liter = 0.15 liters or 150 mL

Calculate the rate per hour:
The loading dose needs to be administered over 30 minutes, which is 0.5 hours.

Rate = Volume (in mL) / Time (in hours) = 150 mL / 0.5 hours = 300 mL/hour

So, the rate per hour to administer the loading dose is 300 mL/hr.

To calculate the dosage of Dobutamine in milligrams per hour, follow these steps:

1. Convert the patient's weight from pounds to kilograms:
110 lb/ 2.2 = 50 kg

2. Calculate the dosage per minute:
Dosage = 10 mcg/kg/min * 50 kg = 500 mcg/min

3. Convert the dosage from micrograms to milligrams:
500 mcg/min/ 1000 = 0.5 mg/min

4. Calculate the dosage per hour:
0.5 mg/min * 60 min/hr = 30 mg/hr

Therefore, the patient should receive 30 mg/hr of Dobutamine.

A. If the child has an elevated temperature that has not responded to treatment:
This scenario does not relate to the calculation of a pediatric medication dose based on an adult. Elevated temperature and lack of response to treatment indicate a need for reassessment of the treatment plan, but it does not dictate using an adult dose for a pediatric patient.

B. If the drug insert does not specify a pediatric dose:
In many cases, drug manufacturers provide specific dosing guidelines for pediatric patients. However, if the drug insert does not contain pediatric dosing information, healthcare providers might need to calculate the appropriate dose based on the adult dose and adjust it according to the child's weight, age, and other factors.

C. If the child has gained or lost weight in the past month:
Changes in weight can significantly affect the appropriate dosage for pediatric patients. If a child has gained or lost weight, healthcare providers need to recalculate the dosage based on the current weight to ensure the medication is administered safely and effectively.

D. If the drug insert states that the medication is not for pediatric use:
If the drug insert explicitly states that the medication is not intended for pediatric use, it means the medication has not been tested or approved for children. In such cases, healthcare providers should not use the medication for pediatric patients, and alternative treatments or medications suitable for pediatric use should be considered.

To calculate the infusion rate for esmolol for the client, follow these steps:

Convert the dose requirement from micrograms to milligrams:
200 mcg = 0.2 mg (since 1 mg = 1000 mcg)

Calculate the total daily dose requirement:
Dose = 0.2 mg/kg/min * 65 kg * 60 min/hour = 780 mg/hour

Determine the infusion rate per hour:
The dose on hand is 2.500 mg in 250 mL of fluid, which means there's 10 mg per mL of fluid (2.500 mg / 250 mL = 10 mg/mL).

To deliver 780 mg over one hour, you'll need:
Rate = Dose / Concentration = 780 mg / 10 mg/mL = 78 mL/hour

So, the nurse should calculate the infusion rate to be 78 mL/hr to administer the medication at a dose of 200 mcg/kg/min to the client.

To find out how many milligrams of guaifenesin are in 10 mL, you need to consider the concentration of guaifenesin in Robitussin DM.

1 teaspoon is approximately equal to 5 milliliters (5 mL).

Given that 1 teaspoon (5 mL) of Robitussin DM contains 100 mg of guaifenesin, you can find the amount of guaifenesin in 10 mL as follows:

(100 mg / 5 mL) * 10 mL = 200 mg

Therefore, there are 200 mg of guaifenesin in 10 mL.

To find out how many milligrams (mg) of the medication the client should receive, you can multiply the volume (in milliliters) by the concentration (in mg per mL).
In this case, the medication is available in 2 mg/mL vials, and the client is prescribed 500 mL.

500 mL×2 mg/mL=1000 mg

Therefore, the client should receive 1000 mg of the medication.

To determine the number of milliliters (mL) per dose that the nurse should administer to the patient, you need to convert the prescribed dose (0.5 grams) to milligrams and then use the provided concentration (125 mg/5 mL) to find the mL per dose.

Convert 0.5 grams to milligrams (1 gram = 1000 milligrams): 0.5 grams = 0.5 * 1000 mg = 500 mg

Use the concentration to find the mL per dose:
Concentration: 125 mg/5 mL
Set up a proportion: (125 mg / 5 mL) = (500 mg / x mL)
Solve for x (the mL per dose): 125 mg / 5 mL = 500 mg / x mL
Cross-multiply: 125 mg * x mL = 5 mL * 500 mg
Now, divide both sides by 125 mg to isolate x: x mL = (5 mL * 500 mg) / 125 mg
x mL = 2500 mL / 125 mg
x mL = 20 mL

The nurse should administer 20 mL per dose to the patient.

A. Draw up one-half of the NPH insulin followed by one-half of the regular insulin and repeat:
This method suggests drawing up half of each insulin, but it doesn't ensure proper mixing. Also, repeatedly drawing from the vials can introduce contamination and air bubbles.

B. Draw up the NPH insulin into the insulin syringe followed by the regular insulin:
This choice is incorrect. Drawing up the NPH insulin first can lead to contamination of the regular insulin vial with the cloudy NPH insulin, which can affect dosing accuracy.

C. Draw up the regular insulin into the insulin syringe followed by the NPH insulin:
This is the correct technique. Drawing up the clear regular insulin first prevents contamination of the vial. Following with the cloudy NPH insulin allows for proper mixing and ensures accurate dosing.

D. Draw up one-half of the regular insulin followed by one-half of the NPH insulin and repeat:
Similar to the first choice, this method doesn't guarantee proper mixing and can introduce contamination with repeated needle insertions.

A. "The 5 mL syringe is calibrated in increments of 0.1 mL for injections."
This statement is false. A 5 mL syringe is typically calibrated in larger increments, such as 0.2 mL or 0.5 mL, making it easier for healthcare providers to measure and administer medications accurately.

B. "Powder medications are often mixed with a diluent to preserve for one month."
This statement is false. Powder medications are often mixed with a diluent (such as sterile water or saline) to reconstitute them before administration. However, the reconstituted solution is typically used immediately or within a very short period, and it is not preserved for a month due to the risk of contamination and degradation of the medication.

C. "Ampules are glass containers used for single doses of medication."
This statement is true. Ampules are small, sealed glass containers used for single doses of medication. They are designed for one-time use and are broken open just before administration to maintain the sterility of the medication inside.

D. "The needle attaches to the plunger for intramuscular injections."
This statement is false. In intramuscular injections, the needle is attached to the syringe barrel, not the plunger. The plunger is used to push the medication out of the syringe and through the needle into the muscle tissue.

A. "30 mL"
This choice is incorrect. One tablespoon (tbsp) is equal to 15 milliliters (mL), not 30 mL. Taking 30 mL would be double the intended dose.

B. "15 mL"
This choice is correct. One tablespoon is generally equivalent to 15 mL. The client is ordered to take 1 tbsp of Mylanta, so they should take 15 mL with each dose.

C. "10 mL"
This choice is incorrect. 10 mL is less than a tablespoon. Taking 10 mL would result in an insufficient dose compared to the prescribed amount.

D. "5 mL"
This choice is incorrect. 5 mL is significantly less than a tablespoon. Taking 5 mL would also be insufficient and not in accordance with the prescribed dosage.

For an intramuscular (IM) injection into the dorsogluteal muscle, a common choice for needle gauge and length is:

21 gauge, 1.5 in. length

Here's the rationale:
Gauge (Thickness of the needle):
A lower gauge number indicates a thicker needle. 21 gauge is a common choice for IM injections because it is thick enough to allow the medication to flow easily, yet not so thick that it causes excessive pain or tissue damage.
Length:
1.5 inches (or 38 mm) is an appropriate length for an IM injection, especially in the dorsogluteal muscle, which usually has sufficient tissue depth to accommodate this length of the needle. It ensures that the medication is delivered deep into the muscle tissue.

A. 1 mL syringe with a 22 G 1.5-inch needle:
This choice has an appropriate needle length for an IM (intramuscular) injection, but the gauge is thicker than needed for a subcutaneous injection. A smaller gauge (higher number) is generally preferred for subcutaneous injections to minimize pain and tissue damage.

B. U-100 unit syringe with a 25 G 5/8-inch needle:
This is the correct choice. U-100 syringes are specifically designed for insulin administration, with markings corresponding to the concentration of insulin (100 units per mL). The 25 G needle is thin enough for a subcutaneous injection, and the 5/8-inch length is appropriate for most patients, ensuring the insulin reaches the subcutaneous tissue.

C. Tuberculin syringe with a 25 G 5/8-inch needle:
While the needle specifications match the requirements for a subcutaneous injection, tuberculin syringes are not typically used for insulin administration. Insulin syringes are designed specifically for accurate insulin dosing and are the preferred choice.

D. 3 mL Syringe with a 23 G 1-inch needle:
The needle length is appropriate for a subcutaneous injection, but the gauge (23 G) is slightly thicker than the standard 25 G needle used for insulin injections. Thinner needles (higher gauge numbers) are generally preferred for subcutaneous insulin injections.

A. "An intramuscular injection should be administered using a 90-degree angle with a 1⁄2-inch-long needle."
This statement is incorrect. Intramuscular injections typically require a needle length of at least 1 inch to reach the muscle tissue. The angle of administration is 90 degrees for intramuscular injections, but a 1/2-inch needle may not be long enough to reach the muscle layer in many patients.

B. "Insulin is often administered intramuscularly and requires 1-3 mL of medication in each deltoid muscle."
This statement is incorrect. Insulin is usually administered subcutaneously, not intramuscularly. Additionally, the deltoid muscle is not a common site for insulin injections.

C. "Intradermal medications are injected near the bone and require a 2-inch-long needle for accurate administration."
This statement is incorrect. Intradermal injections are administered just below the epidermis (skin layer) and do not require a long needle. They are typically given at a shallow angle, not near the bone, and a shorter needle is used (usually 1/4 to 1/2 inch).

D. "Subcutaneous injections can be administered at either a 45- or a 90-degree angle, based on the amount of adipose tissue."
This statement is correct. Subcutaneous injections are given into the fatty tissue just below the skin surface. The angle of administration can vary depending on the amount of adipose (fat) tissue. A 45-degree angle is often used for individuals with a small amount of adipose tissue, while a 90-degree angle is used for those with a larger amount of adipose tissue.

To calculate the rate at which the nurse should administer Nubain (nalbuphine) IV over 10 minutes, follow these steps:

1. Convert the patient's weight from pounds to kilograms:
148 lb/ 2.2 = 67.27 kg (rounded to two decimal places)

2. Calculate the total dosage required:
0.3 mg/kg * 67.27 kg = 20.18 mg (rounded to two decimal places)

3. Determine the total volume of Nubain needed:
Since Nubain is available in a concentration of 10 mg/mL, the total volume needed is:
20.18 mg1/10 mg/mL= 2.018 mL (rounded to three decimal places)