Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics > Pharmacology
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Showing 10 questions, Sign in for moreA nurse is preparing to administer a medication that acts as an agonist at a specific receptor. What effect will this medication have?
Explanation
An agonist is a medication that binds to a specific receptor and activates it, increasing its activity. A medication that acts as an agonist at a specific receptor will increase the activity of that receptor.
b. An agonist increases, not decreases, the activity of the receptor it binds to.
c. An agonist has an effect on the activity of the receptor it binds to by increasing its activity. d. An agonist activates, not blocks, the activity of the receptor it binds to.
A nurse is preparing to administer a medication that undergoes extensive first-pass metabolism. What route of administration should be used?
Explanation
First-pass metabolism refers to the metabolism of a drug by the liver before it reaches systemic circulation. Drugs that undergo extensive first-pass metabolism have a lower bioavailability when administered orally because a significant portion of the drug is metabolized before it reaches systemic circulation. Intravenous administration bypasses first-pass metabolism and delivers the drug directly into systemic circulation.
a. Oral administration would result in lower bioavailability due to first-pass metabolism.
c. Subcutaneous administration may also be subject to first-pass metabolism.
d. Intramuscular administration may also be subject to first-pass metabolism.
A nurse is preparing to administer a medication that acts as an antagonist at a specific receptor. What effect will this medication have?
Explanation
An antagonist is a medication that binds to a specific receptor and blocks its activation, preventing other medications or endogenous ligands from activating it. A medication that acts as an antagonist at a specific receptor will block the activity of that receptor.
a. An antagonist blocks, not increases, the activity of the receptor it binds to.
b. An antagonist does not directly decrease the activity of the receptor it binds to but prevents its activation by other medications or endogenous ligands.
c. An antagonist has an effect on the activity of the receptor it binds to by blocking its activation.
A nurse is preparing to administer two medications with additive effects.What should be considered when administering these drugs?
Explanation
Additive effects occur when two drugs produce similar effects and their combined effect is equal to sum of their individual effects.When administering two drugs with additive effects,the nurse should consider their combined effect and adjust dosing accordingly.
a.Additive effects occur when two drugs produce similar effects and their combined effect is equal to sum of their individual effects
b.Additive effects occur when two drugs produce similar effects and their combined effect is equal to sum of their individual effects
d.Additive effects affect pharmacodynamics by determining how two drugs interact when given together
A nurse is preparing to administer a medication that has high intrinsic efficacy.What does this mean?
Explanation
Intrinsic efficacy refers to how well a drug activates receptors once bound.A drug with high intrinsic efficacy produces maximal response when bound and can activate receptors fully.
b.A drug with high intrinsic efficacy produces maximal response when bound and can activate receptors fully
c.A drug with high intrinsic efficacy produces maximal response when bound and can activate receptors fully
d.Intrinsic efficacy affects pharmacodynamics by determining how well a drug activates receptors once bound
A nurse is preparing to administer two medications with synergistic effects.What should be considered when administering these drugs?
Explanation
Synergistic effects occur when two drugs produce similar or complementary effects and their combined effect is greater than the sum of their individual effects.When administering two drugs with synergistic effects,the nurse should consider their combined effect and adjust dosing accordingly.
b.Synergistic effects occur when two drugs produce similar or complementary effects and their combined effect is greater than the sum of their individual effects
c.Synergistic effects occur when two drugs produce similar or complementary effects and their combined effect is greater than the sum of their individual effects
d.Synergistic effects affect pharmacodynamics by determining how two drugs interact when given together
A nurse is preparing to administer a medication that has a low therapeutic index.What should be considered when administering this drug?
Explanation
Therapeutic index refers to the ratio between the toxic dose and the therapeutic dose of a drug.A drug with a low therapeutic index has a narrow margin of safety,meaning that the difference between its toxic and therapeutic doses is small.When administering a drug with a low therapeutic index,the nurse should carefully monitor the client for signs of toxicity.
a.A drug with a low therapeutic index has a narrow margin of safety,meaning that the difference between its toxic and therapeutic doses is small
c.A drug with a low therapeutic index has a narrow margin of safety,meaning that the difference between its toxic and therapeutic doses is small
d.Therapeutic index affects pharmacodynamics by determining the margin of safety between the toxic and therapeutic doses of a drug
A nurse is preparing to administer a medication that acts as an allosteric modulator.What does this mean?
Explanation
An allosteric modulator is a medication that binds to a specific receptor at a site different from the binding site for endogenous ligands.Allosteric modulators can affect receptor activity by enhancing or inhibiting the binding or activity of endogenous ligands.
a.An allosteric modulator binds to a different site from endogenous ligands,not the same site.
c.An allosteric modulator affects receptor activity indirectly by enhancing or inhibiting the binding or activity of endogenous ligands.
d.Allosteric modulation affects pharmacodynamics by altering receptor activity through indirect mechanisms.
A nurse is preparing to administer two medications with antagonistic effects.What should be considered when administering these drugs?
Explanation
Antagonistic effects occur when two drugs produce opposing effects and their combined effect is less than the sum of their individual effects.When administering two drugs with antagonistic effects,the nurse should consider their combined effect and adjust dosing accordingly.
a.Antagonistic effects occur when two drugs produce opposing effects and their combined effect is less than the sum of their individual effects.
c.Antagonistic effects occur when two drugs produce opposing effects and their combined effect is less than the sum of their individual effects.
d.Antagonistic effects affect pharmacodynamics by determining how two drugs interact when given together.
A nurse is preparing to administer a medication that undergoes extensive first-pass metabolism. What route of administration should be used?
Explanation
First-pass metabolism refers to the metabolism of a drug by the liver before it reaches systemic circulation. Drugs that undergo extensive first-pass metabolism have a lower bioavailability when administered orally because a significant portion of the drug is metabolized before it reaches systemic circulation. Intravenous administration bypasses first-pass metabolism and delivers the drug directly into systemic circulation.
a. Oral administration would result in lower bioavailability due to first-pass metabolism.
c. Subcutaneous administration may also be subject to first-pass metabolism.
d. Intramuscular administration may also be subject to first-pass metabolism.
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