Care Of The Older Adult > Fundamentals
Exam Review
Musculoskeletal System
Total Questions : 5
Showing 5 questions, Sign in for moreA nurse is assessing a client who has osteoporosis. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
Explanation
The correct answer is D. Decreased height.
Osteoporosis is a condition that causes bones to become weak and brittle, making them more prone to fractures.One of the symptoms of osteoporosis is loss of height over time, due to compression or collapse of the vertebrae in the spine.
Choice A is wrong because osteoporosis causes decreased bone density, not increased.
Bone density is a measure of how much mineral is in the bone tissue.Low bone density means the bones are weaker and more likely to break.
Choice B is wrong because osteoporosis does not affect muscle mass directly.
Muscle mass is the amount of muscle tissue in the body.Muscle mass can decrease with age, inactivity, or certain diseases, but it is not directly related to bone health.
Choice C is wrong because osteoporosis does not cause decreased joint mobility, or the ability to move the joints freely.
Joint mobility can be affected by arthritis, injury, inflammation, or other conditions, but it is not a symptom of osteoporosis.
Normal ranges for bone density vary depending on age, sex, and ethnicity.
A common test for bone density is the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan, which compares the patient’s bone density to that of a healthy young adult of the same sex.
The result is expressed as a T-score, which can range from normal (-1 or above) to osteopenia (-1 to -2.5) to osteoporosis (-2.5 or below).
A nurse is teaching a group of older adults about the effects of aging on the neurological system. Which of the following statements should the nurse include as correct? (Select all that apply.).
Explanation
The correct answer is A, B, and D.These statements reflect some of the effects of aging on the neurological system, such as slower reaction time, difficulty with learning new things, and loss of some of the sense of smell and taste.
Choice C is wrong because the number of neurotransmitters in the brain decreases with age, not increases.
Neurotransmitters are chemicals that help nerve cells communicate with each other.
Choice E is wrong because oxygen delivery to the brain cells decreases with age, not increases.
This is due to reduced blood flow and oxygen saturation in the brain.
Normal ranges for some of the neurological functions that change with age are:.
• Reaction time: increases from about 0.2 seconds in young adults to about 0.3 seconds in older adults.
• Learning ability: declines by about 10% per decade after age 40.
• Sense of smell: decreases by about 50% by age 80.
• Sense of taste: decreases by about 20% by age 70.
A nurse is caring for a client who has presbyopia. The client asks the nurse what this condition means. Which of the following responses should the nurse give?
Explanation
The correct answer isC.
It means that you have difficulty focusing on close objects due to changes in your lenses.Presbyopia is a natural, often annoying part of aging that affects your eyes’ ability to focus on nearby objects.It is caused by a hardening of the lens of your eye, which occurs with aging.
As your lens becomes less flexible, it can no longer change shape to focus on close-up images.As a result, these images appear out of focus.
Choice A is wrong because it describes glaucoma, a condition that causes increased pressure in your eyes that can damage your optic nerve and lead to vision loss.
Choice B is wrong because it describes cataracts, a condition that causes cloudy areas in your lenses that can impair your vision and make it difficult to see colors and details.
Choice D is wrong because it describes macular degeneration, a condition that causes damage to your retina that can cause loss of central vision and affect your ability to read, drive and recognize faces.
Normal ranges for presbyopia vary depending on the individual, but it usually becomes noticeable in your early to mid-40s and continues to worsen until around age 65.
You can correct the condition with eyeglasses or contact lenses.You might also consider surgery.
A nurse is performing a hearing test on a client who has presbycusis. The client asks the nurse what this condition means. Which of the following responses should the nurse give?
Explanation
The correct answer is B.
“It means that you have decreased ability to hear high-pitched sounds due to changes in your inner ear.” Presbycusis is the medical term for age-related hearing loss, which is the gradual and irreversible loss of hearing in both ears as a result of agingIt affects the ability to hear high-frequency sounds, such as speech, more than low-frequency sounds, such as background noisePresbycusis is caused by a combination of genetic, environmental and physiological factors that damage the inner ear or the auditory nerve over time.
Choice A is wrong because it describes tinnitus, which is a condition where you hear ringing or buzzing sounds in your ears that are not caused by external sources.Tinnitus can occur with presbycusis, but it is not the same thing.
Choice C is wrong because it describes otitis media, which is a condition where you have inflammation or infection in your middle ear that can cause pain, fever and temporary hearing loss.Otitis media is not related to aging and can be treated with antibiotics or surgery.
Choice D is wrong because it describes cerumen impaction, which is a condition where you have excess wax or foreign objects in your ear canal that can block your hearing.Cerumen impaction is not related to aging and can be removed by a doctor or a nurse.
Normal ranges for hearing vary depending on the frequency and the method of testing, but generally, a hearing threshold of 25 decibels (dB) or lower is considered normal for adults.A hearing threshold of 26 to 40 dB is considered mild hearing loss, 41 to 55 dB is considered moderate hearing loss, 56 to 70 dB is considered moderately severe hearing loss, 71 to 90 dB is considered severe hearing loss, and above 90 dB is considered profound hearing loss.
A nurse is educating a client who has anosmia about safety precautions at home. Which of the following instructions should the nurse give?
Explanation
The correct answer isA.
Use a smoke detector and carbon monoxide detector in every room.This is because anosmia is a loss of sense of smell that can be caused by many health-related conditions.People with anosmia might miss important warning odors such as smoke from a fire or natural gas leaks, which can pose a serious risk to their safety.
Therefore, using detectors in every room can help alert them to potential dangers and prevent accidents.
Choice B is wrong becauseavoiding using spices or herbs to enhance the flavor of foodis not a safety precaution, but rather a personal preference.
Some people with anosmia may find spices or herbs helpful to improve their appetite and enjoyment of food, while others may not.
It depends on the individual’s taste buds and preferences.
Choice C is wrong becausedrinking plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration and dry mouthis not specific to anosmia, but rather a general health advice for everyone.
Dehydration and dry mouth can affect anyone, regardless of their sense of smell, and can have various causes and consequences.
Drinking fluids can help maintain hydration and oral health, but it does not prevent or treat anosmia.
Choice D is wrong becausewearing protective eyewear when working with chemicals or dustis not directly related to anosmia, but rather to the protection of the eyes.Anosmia can be caused by toxic chemicals or environments that can damage the olfactory nerves or the brain, but wearing eyewear does not prevent this from happening.
It only protects the eyes from irritation or injury.
Wearing eyewear when working with chemicals or dust is a good practice for anyone, not just people with anosmia.
Sign Up or Login to view all the 5 Questions on this Exam
Join over 100,000+ nursing students using Nursingprepexams’s science-backend flashcards, practice tests and expert solutions to improve their grades and reach their goals.
Sign Up Now
