Analgesics and Pain Management Medications > Pharmacology
Exam Review
Nursing Assessments, Interventions, and Education for Patients Receiving Analgesics
Total Questions : 5
Showing 5 questions, Sign in for moreA nurse is preparing to administer acetaminophen to a client who has a fever.
Which of the following actions should the nurse take? (Select all that apply.)
Explanation
The nurse should take the following actions when administering acetaminophen to a client who has a fever:
• Check the client’s liver function testsbecause acetaminophen can cause hepatotoxicity and liver damage, especially in clients who have preexisting liver disease or who take high doses of the medication.
• Assess the client’s pain levelbecause acetaminophen is also an analgesic that can reduce pain and discomfort associated with fever.
• Monitor the client’s fluid intake and outputbecause fever can cause dehydration and fluid loss, and acetaminophen can also affect renal function and urine output.
• Ask the client about any history of alcohol usebecause alcohol can increase the risk of liver damage from acetaminophen, and clients who consume more than three alcoholic drinks per day should avoid taking acetaminophen.
Choice E is wrong because grapefruit juice does not interact with acetamin
A nurse is assessing a client who is receiving morphine sulfate for pain relief.
Which of the following findings indicates a potential adverse effect of the medication?
Explanation
This indicates a potential adverse effect of morphine sulfate, which is respiratory depression.Morphine sulfate can suppress the respiratory centre in the brainstem and decrease the rate and depth of breathing.A normal respiratory rate for an adult is 12 to 20 breaths/min.
Choice B is wrong because blood pressure of 130/80 mmHg is within the normal range for an adult.Morphine sulfate can lower blood pressure by dilating blood vessels, but this is not a serious adverse effect unless it causes hypotension or shock.
Choice C is wrong because a heart rate of 72 beats/min is within the normal range for an adult.Morphine sulfate can slow down the heart rate by stimulating the vagus nerve, but this is not a serious adverse effect unless it causes bradycardia or cardiac arrest.
Choice D is wrong because a temperature of 37°C (98.6°F) is within the normal range for an adult.Morphine sulfate does not affect body temperature significantly unless it causes an allergic reaction or overdose.
A nurse is teaching a client who has chronic low back pain about nonpharmacological pain management strategies.
Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
Explanation
This statement indicates an understanding of the teaching because stretching exercises are one of the recommended nonpharmacological pain management strategies for chronic low back pain.Stretching exercises can improve flexibility, mobility, and blood circulation, as well as reduce muscle tension and stiffness.
Choice A is wrong because applying a heating pad to the back for 30 minutes every hour can cause skin burns and inflammation.Heat therapy should be used for no more than 15 to 20 minutes at a time, and only after 48 hours of injury.
Choice C is wrong because taking a hot bath with Epsom salt before going to bed can also cause skin irritation and dehydration.Epsom salt has not been proven to have any benefits for chronic low back pain.
Choice D is wrong because listening to some relaxing music while lying down is not a specific nonpharmacological pain management strategy for chronic low back pain.Although music can be a form of distraction and relaxation, it does not address the underlying causes of chronic low back pain, such as poor posture, muscle weakness, or inflammation.Music therapy may be more effective for other types of chronic pain, such as cancer-related pain.
A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving ibuprofen for arthritis pain.
The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following adverse effects of the medication?
Explanation
This is a sign oftinnitus, which is a common adverse effect of ibuprofen.Tinnitus can indicatesalicylism, a condition caused by excessive intake of salicylates, such as ibuprofen.Salicylism can also causefever, diaphoresis, nausea, and dizziness.
Choice B is wrong because “I have trouble sleeping at night.” is not a typical adverse effect of ibuprofen. It may be related to other factors, such as pain, stress, or caffeine intake.
Choice C is wrong because “I have dry mouth and thirst.” is not a typical adverse effect of ibuprofen. It may be related to dehydration, diabetes, or other medications.
Choice D is wrong because “I have blurred vision and headache.” is not a typical adverse effect of ibuprofen. It may be related to eye strain, migraine, or high blood pressure.
Some other serious side effects of ibuprofen that need immediate medical attention include:asthma, wheezing and shortness of breath; swelling of the face, lips or tongue, which may cause difficulty breathing or swallowing; black poo or blood in your vomit, which can be signs of bleeding in your stomach; swollen ankles, blood in your pee or not peeing at all, which can be signs of a kidney problem.
A nurse is reviewing the medication administration record of a client who is receiving tramadol for moderate pain.
The nurse should identify that which of the following medications can interact with tramadol and increase the risk of serotonin syndrome?
Explanation
Fluoxetine can interact with tramadol and increase the risk of serotonin syndrome. Serotonin syndrome is a serious drug reaction that occurs when there is too much serotonin in the body.It can cause symptoms such as agitation, confusion, muscle rigidity, seizures, and coma.
Choice A is wrong because omeprazole is not known to affect serotonin levels or interact with tramadol.
Choice B is wrong because metformin is not known to affect serotonin levels or interact with tramadol.
Choice D is wrong because lisinopril is not known to affect serotonin levels or interact with tramadol.
Fluoxetine is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) that increases the amount of serotonin available in the brain.
Tramadol is an opioid pain medication that also has some serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitory effects.When these two drugs are taken together, they can cause a buildup of excess serotonin that can lead to serotonin syndrome.
This is a rare but potentially life-threatening condition that requires immediate medical attention.
Normal ranges of serotonin in the blood are between 101 and 283 nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL).
Serotonin syndrome can occur when serotonin levels exceed 500 ng/mL.
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