The correct answer is choice D. I should avoid using a pacifier until my baby is at least 6 months old.This statement indicates a need for further teaching because there is no evidence that pacifier use in the newborn period interferes with breastfeeding.Pacifiers may have benefits for infant comfort, safe sleep, and maternal postpartum experience.However, pacifiers may also have risks for dental development and reliance if used for too long.

Therefore, postpartum patient counseling should include information on both the potential benefits and risks of pacifiers.

Choice A is wrong because breastfeeding on demand or at least every 2 to 3 hours helps to establish milk supply and prevent engorgement.

Choice B is wrong because placing the baby on his back to sleep reduces the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).

Choice C is wrong because washing the baby’s face with a mild soap and water every day helps to prevent skin infections and rashes.

The correct answer is choice A, B and C. These actions demonstrate empathy and support for the client who is experiencing stress and anxiety.

The nurse should encourage the client to express her feelings and concerns, validate the client’s emotions and reassure her that they are normal, and suggest the client to join a support group or seek counseling if needed.

Choice D is wrong because advising the client to rest as much as possible and avoid visitors may isolate the client and worsen her emotional state.

The client may benefit from social support and interaction with others who can provide comfort and assistance.

Choice E is wrong because helping the client identify coping strategies and relaxation techniques is not enough to address the underlying causes of stress and anxiety.

The nurse should also explore the client’s feelings and concerns, validate her emotions, and offer referrals to mental health services if needed.

The correct answer is choice A, B, C, D and E. All of these benefits can be explained by the nurse to the client.

Choice A is correct because skin-to-skin contact helps regulate the newborn’s body temperature and blood glucose levels by providing warmth and stimulating digestion.

Choice B is correct because skin-to-skin contact stimulates the release of oxytocin and reduces postpartum bleeding by promoting uterine contractions and preventing hemorrhage.

Choice C is correct because skin-to-skin contact enhances maternal-infant bonding and attachment by facilitating eye contact, touch, smell and vocalization.

Choice D is correct because skin-to-skin contact increases the production of colostrum and milk supply by stimulating the baby’s interest in feeding and the mother’s hormonal

The correct answer is choice D. Respect the client’s preferences and choices regarding her care and her baby’s care.This is because this intervention promotes maternal involvement in decision making and problem solving by honoring the client’s autonomy and individuality.

Some possible explanations for the other choices are:

• Choice A is wrong because providing information and education about infant care and development does not necessarily encourage maternal involvement in decision making and problem solving.It may be helpful for increasing the client’s knowledge and confidence, but it does not address the client’s feelings of being overwhelmed by her new role.

• Choice B is wrong because asking open-ended questions and listening actively to the client’s responses does not directly encourage maternal involvement in decision making and problem solving.It may be useful for establishing rapport and assessing the client’s needs, but it does not empower the client to make her own decisions or solve her own problems.

• Choice C is wrong because offering practical suggestions and guidance based on evidence-based practice does not foster maternal involvement in decision making and problem solving.It may be beneficial for providing support and advice, but it does not respect the client’s preferences and choices or allow her to explore her own options.

The correct answer is choice A. Assess the client’s needs, interests, and goals for postpartum care.This is because the nurse should tailor the social support and referrals to the client’s individual preferences and needs, rather than imposing a generic list of resources or contacting others without the client’s consent.

Choice B is wrong because providing a list of local agencies, organizations, and programs that offer services for postpartum women is not enough to facilitate social support networks and referrals.The nurse should also assess the client’s needs, interests, and goals for postpartum care and help the client access and utilize the appropriate resources.

Choice C is wrong because contacting the client’s family, friends, or neighbors and asking them to visit or help with household chores is not appropriate without the client’s permission and involvement.The nurse should respect the client’s privacy and autonomy and collaborate with the client to identify potential sources of social support.

The correct answer is choice A.“I feel like I have known this baby forever.” This statement indicates optimal maternal role attainment, which is a developmentally, interactive, adaptive, and committed multi-dimensional process based on the discovery of pregnancy, characteristics of the mother, receiving social support, which leads to maternal identity, formation of maternal skills, resiliency, development of newborn, improvement of mother-newborn interactions and increased well-being of the mother.

Choice B is wrong because it shows doubt and insecurity about the maternal role, which may hinder the attachment and bonding process with the infant.

Choice C is wrong because it reflects a preoccupation with the birth mother, which may interfere with the development of a strong maternal identity and relationship with the adopted infant.

Choice D is wrong because it implies a lack of readiness and acceptance of the maternal role, which may delay the acquisition of competence and joy in mothering.