A. Adenosine is used for supraventricular tachycardias, not ventricular fibrillation.

B. Amiodarone is the medication of choice for treating ventricular fibrillation in pediatric advanced life support.

C. Atropine is used for symptomatic bradycardia, not ventricular fibrillation.

D. Epinephrine is used for pulseless rhythms and severe bradycardia, not ventricular fibrillation.

A. 1/2 to 1 inch (1.25 to 2.5 cm) is the recommended compression depth for infants during pediatric CPR.

B. 1 to 1.5 inches (2.5 to 4 cm) is the recommended compression depth for children (ages 1 to puberty) during pediatric CPR.

C. The correct compression depth for chest compressions in pediatric advanced life support (PALS) is 1.5 to 2 inches (4 to 5 cm).

D. 2 to 2.5 inches (5 to 6.5 cm) is the recommended compression depth for adult patients during CPR.

A. Ventricular fibrillation and B. Pulseless ventricular tachycardia are treated with defibrillation, not synchronized cardioversion.

C. Supraventricular tachycardia with poor perfusion is treated with synchronized cardioversion in pediatric advanced life support (PALS).

D. Asystole does not respond to cardioversion and is managed with advanced life support interventions.

A. 0.01 mg/kg is the correct dose of epinephrine in neonatal resuscitation, not for pediatric advanced life support.

B. The initial dose of epinephrine in pediatric advanced life support (PALS) for a child in cardiac arrest is 0.1 mg/kg.

C. 0.5 mg/kg and D. 1 mg/kg are not appropriate doses for pediatric cardiac arrest situations.

A. Head tilt-chin lift is the recommended maneuver to open the airway in children during pediatric advanced life support (PALS).

B. Jaw thrust is used when there is suspicion of a cervical spine injury; otherwise, head tilt-chin lift is preferred.

C. Neck extension and D. Hyperextension of the head are not appropriate maneuvers for pediatric airway management.

A. 60-80 compressions per minute is the recommended rate of chest compressions for older children and adults in CPR.

B. 80-100 compressions per minute is the recommended rate of chest compressions for infants in CPR.

C. The recommended rate of chest compressions in pediatric advanced life support (PALS) for children and infants is 100-120 compressions per minute.

D. 120-140 compressions per minute is not a standard rate of chest compressions in pediatric advanced life support.

A. Mild respiratory distress does not require an advanced airway device; oxygen supplementation and monitoring may be sufficient.

B. Ineffective bag-mask ventilation is an indication for using an advanced airway

device in pediatric advanced life support (PALS).

C. Initial assessment of a non-breathing child requires basic airway management techniques before considering advanced airway devices.

D. Effective spontaneous breathing does not require an advanced airway device.

A. The correct sequence of actions in pediatric advanced life support (PALS) for a child with a pulseless ventricular tachycardia is Defibrillation, epinephrine, amiodarone.

B. Epinephrine is administered after the first defibrillation, followed by amiodarone if the rhythm persists.

C. Amiodarone is given after the first shock and epinephrine if the rhythm persists.

D. Defibrillation is the first step, followed by amiodarone, and then epinephrine if necessary.

A. Hyperventilation, C. Bradycardia, and D. Trauma can lead to pediatric cardiac arrest, but respiratory failure is a common cause.

B. Respiratory failure, such as in cases of severe asthma or pneumonia, can lead to hypoxia and subsequently cardiac arrest in children.

A. 1/2 to 1 inch (1.25 to 2.5 cm) is the recommended compression depth for infants during pediatric CPR.

B. 1 to 1.5 inches (2.5 to 4 cm) is the recommended compression depth for children (ages 1 to puberty) during pediatric CPR.

C. The correct compression depth for chest compressions in pediatric advanced life support (PALS) for children and infants is 1.5 to 2 inches (4 to 5 cm).

D. 2 to 2.5 inches (5 to 6.5 cm) is the recommended compression depth for adult patients during CPR.