Peritonitis

Total Questions : 48

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Question 1: A client presents to the emergency department with severe abdominal pain, tenderness, and fever. The client reports a recent history of ruptured appendix. The nurse suspects the client may be experiencing:

Explanation

Choice A reason:

Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder, which is not related to a ruptured appendix.

Choice B reason:

Gastritis is inflammation of the stomach lining, which may cause abdominal pain but is not related to a ruptured appendix.

Choice C reason:

Peritonitis is inflammation of the peritoneum, the membrane lining the abdominal cavity. It can occur as a complication of a ruptured appendix and presents with severe abdominal pain, tenderness, and fever.

Choice D reason:

Diverticulitis is inflammation of the diverticula (small pouches) in the colon and is not related to a ruptured appendix.


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Question 2: A client underwent abdominal surgery and is now at risk of developing peritonitis. The nurse teaches the client about the early signs and symptoms of peritonitis. What should the nurse include in the teaching?

Explanation

Choice A reason:

Fever and diarrhea are not specific early signs of peritonitis.

Choice B reason:

Abdominal distension and flatulence may occur for various reasons after abdominal surgery, but they are not specific to peritonitis.

Choice C reason:

Nausea and vomiting can be caused by various post-operative factors and are not specific to peritonitis.

Choice D reason:

Sudden-onset severe abdominal pain and tenderness are classic early signs of peritonitis and indicate the need for immediate medical attention.


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Question 3: A client with a history of appendectomy develops peritonitis. The nurse anticipates which diagnostic test to confirm the diagnosis?

Explanation

Choice A reason:

A chest X-ray is not the primary diagnostic test for peritonitis.

Choice B reason:

An ECG is used to assess cardiac function and is not specific to peritonitis.

Choice C reason:

An abdominal ultrasound is commonly used to diagnose peritonitis and can help visualize inflammation or fluid in the peritoneal cavity.

Choice D reason:

A CBC may show elevated white blood cell count, which is an indication of infection, but it is not a confirmatory test for peritonitis.


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Question 4: A client with peritonitis is receiving intravenous (IV) antibiotics. The nurse should monitor the client for which potential side effect of antibiotic therapy?

Explanation

Choice A reason:

Hypertension is not a common side effect of IV antibiotic therapy.

Choice B reason:

Hypoglycemia is not a common side effect of IV antibiotic therapy.

Choice C reason:

An allergic reaction is a potential side effect of antibiotic therapy and can range from mild skin rash to life-threatening anaphylaxis.

Choice D reason:

Bradycardia is not a common side effect of IV antibiotic therapy.


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Question 5: A nurse is caring for a client with peritonitis and anticipates the need for a paracentesis. What is the purpose of a paracentesis in this client?

Explanation

Choice A reason:

Paracentesis is not used to remove excess air from the peritoneal cavity.

Choice B reason:

Paracentesis is a procedure used to drain infected fluid or pus from the peritoneal cavity in cases of peritonitis.

Choice C reason:

Visualizing the abdominal organs using a scope is not the purpose of a paracentesis.

Choice D reason:

Monitoring intra-abdominal pressure is not the purpose of a paracentesis.


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Question 6: A client is diagnosed with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP). The nurse anticipates the need for which medical intervention?

Explanation

Choice A reason:

Intravenous antibiotics are the standard treatment for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) to treat the bacterial infection.

Choice B reason:

A high-protein diet is not the primary intervention for SBP.

Choice C reason:

Oral rehydration solutions are used for rehydration in cases of dehydration but are not the primary treatment for SBP.

Choice D reason:

Bowel rest may be indicated for other conditions but is not the primary intervention for SBP.


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Question 7: A client with peritonitis is experiencing abdominal distension and decreased bowel sounds. The nurse suspects the presence of:

Explanation

Choice A reason:

Abdominal distension and decreased bowel sounds are classic signs of paralytic ileus, a common complication of peritonitis.

Choice B reason:

Gastroenteritis is inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract and may cause diarrhea and abdominal pain but is not related to the specific symptoms described.

Choice C reason:

Appendicitis is inflammation of the appendix and is not related to abdominal distension and decreased bowel sounds.

Choice D reason:

Constipation may cause abdominal distension, but decreased bowel sounds are not characteristic of constipation.


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Question 8: A client with peritonitis is at risk of developing septic shock. Which clinical manifestation should the nurse closely monitor to detect early signs of septic shock?

Explanation

Choice A reason:

Increased blood pressure is not characteristic of septic shock. Septic shock is associated with low blood pressure.

Choice B reason:

Bradycardia is not a typical sign of septic shock. Tachycardia is more common in septic shock.

Choice C reason:

Warm, flushed skin is not typical in septic shock. Septic shock is associated with cold, clammy skin.

Choice D reason:

Rapid, shallow breathing is a common early sign of septic shock and indicates the body's attempt to compensate for the decreased cardiac output.


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Question 9: A client is admitted to the hospital with peritonitis. The nurse is conducting an assessment and asks the client about their recent medical history. Which risk factor is most likely associated with the development of peritonitis in this client?

Explanation

Choice A reason:

Recent travel to a tropical region is not a risk factor for peritonitis.

Choice B reason:

A history of asthma is not a risk factor for peritonitis.

Choice C reason:

Prior abdominal surgery is a significant risk factor for peritonitis because it can lead to perforation of the gastrointestinal tract and the spread of bacteria into the peritoneal cavity.

Choice D reason:

A vegetarian diet is not a risk factor for peritonitis.


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Question 10: A nurse is providing education to a group of clients about peritonitis and its risk factors. Which client is at the highest risk for developing peritonitis?

Explanation

Choice A reason:

Having a history of allergies is not a risk factor for peritonitis.

Choice B reason:

Having a history of diabetes is not a risk factor for peritonitis.

Choice C reason:

Having a history of hypertension is not a risk factor for peritonitis.

Choice D reason:

A history of inflammatory bowel disease is a significant risk factor for peritonitis, especially if there are complications such as bowel perforation.


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Question 11: A nurse is caring for a client with peritonitis and is reviewing the client's medical history. Which condition places the client at an increased risk of developing peritonitis?

Explanation

Choice A reason:

Hypothyroidism is not a risk factor for peritonitis.

Choice B reason:

Chronic kidney disease can weaken the immune system and make the client more susceptible to infections such as peritonitis.

Choice C reason:

Migraine headaches are not a risk factor for peritonitis.

Choice D reason:

GERD is not a risk factor for peritonitis.


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Question 12: A client with cirrhosis is admitted to the hospital with suspected peritonitis. The nurse understands that cirrhosis is a significant risk factor for peritonitis due to:

Explanation

Choice A reason:

Increased production of stomach acid is not directly related to peritonitis.

Choice B reason:

Cirrhosis is a condition where the liver is scarred and impaired in function. The liver plays a crucial role in immune function, and impaired liver function can lead to increased susceptibility to infections like peritonitis.

Choice C reason:

Gallbladder dysfunction is not directly related to peritonitis.

Choice D reason:

Chronic lung disease is not directly related to peritonitis.


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Question 13: A nurse is providing care to a client with peritonitis and is reviewing the client's medication history. Which medication places the client at an increased risk of developing peritonitis?

Explanation

Choice A reason:

Antibiotics are used to treat infections, including peritonitis, and do not increase the risk of developing peritonitis.

Choice B reason:

Antacids are used to neutralize stomach acid and do not increase the risk of peritonitis.

Choice C reason:

NSAIDs can cause gastrointestinal irritation and increase the risk of ulcers and perforation, which can lead to peritonitis.

Choice D reason:

Oral contraceptives do not increase the risk of developing peritonitis.


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Question 14: A client is undergoing peritoneal dialysis. The nurse recognizes that this client is at an increased risk of developing peritonitis due to:

Explanation

Choice A reason:

Peritoneal dialysis involves inserting a catheter into the peritoneal cavity, which can increase the risk of infection at the insertion site and lead to peritonitis.

Choice B reason:

High blood pressure is not directly related to an increased risk of peritonitis in clients undergoing peritoneal dialysis.

Choice C reason:

Elevated cholesterol levels are not directly related to an increased risk of peritonitis in clients undergoing peritoneal dialysis.

Choice D reason:

An allergic reaction to the dialysis solution is a possibility but is not the primary reason for an increased risk of peritonitis in clients undergoing peritoneal dialysis.


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Question 15: A nurse is caring for a client with a recent perforated gastric ulcer. The nurse identifies that the client is at risk of developing peritonitis due to:

Explanation

Choice A reason:

Excessive alcohol consumption can contribute to the development of gastric ulcers but is not directly related to an increased risk of peritonitis in clients with perforated gastric ulcers.

Choice B reason:

A sedentary lifestyle is not directly related to an increased risk of peritonitis in clients with perforated gastric ulcers.

Choice C reason:

Gastric acid hypersecretion can contribute to the formation of gastric ulcers and increase the risk of perforation, which can lead to peritonitis.

Choice D reason:

Frequent use of antacids may alleviate symptoms of gastric ulcers but is not directly related to an increased risk of peritonitis in clients with perforated gastric ulcers.


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Question 16: A nurse is providing education to a group of older adult clients about the risk factors for peritonitis. Which factor is most likely to increase the susceptibility to peritonitis in older adults?

Explanation

Choice A reason:

Slower metabolism is a normal age-related change but is not directly related to an increased susceptibility to peritonitis in older adults.

Choice B reason:

Older adults may have decreased immune function, which can increase their susceptibility to infections, including peritonitis.

Choice C reason:

Increased bone density is not directly related to an increased susceptibility to peritonitis in older adults.

Choice D reason:

Reduced gastrointestinal motility is a normal age-related change but is not directly related to an increased susceptibility to peritonitis in older adults.


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Question 17: A nurse is assessing a client with suspected peritonitis. Which symptom should the nurse expect the client to report?

Explanation

Choice A reason:

Chest pain is not a typical symptom of peritonitis, as the condition primarily affects the abdomen.

Choice B reason:

A severe headache is not a characteristic symptom of peritonitis.

Choice C reason:

Abdominal pain and tenderness are hallmark symptoms of peritonitis, resulting from inflammation of the peritoneum lining the abdominal cavity.

Choice D reason:

Shortness of breath is not a common symptom of peritonitis unless there is an associated respiratory complication.


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Question 18: A client with peritonitis presents with an elevated temperature, rapid heart rate, and shallow breathing. The nurse recognizes these signs as indicative of:

Explanation

Choice A reason:

Hypothermia refers to abnormally low body temperature and is not associated with the clinical presentation of peritonitis.

Choice B reason:

Hypertension refers to high blood pressure and is not directly associated with the signs of peritonitis.

Choice C reason:

Hyperventilation involves rapid breathing but may not always be present in peritonitis.

Choice D reason:

The client's elevated temperature, rapid heart rate, and shallow breathing are indicative of a systemic inflammatory response, which is a characteristic feature of peritonitis.


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Question 19: A nurse is caring for a client with peritonitis and observes a rigid, board-like abdomen upon palpation. The nurse recognizes this finding as:

Explanation

Choice A reason:

Rebound tenderness refers to increased pain upon release of pressure during palpation and is not related to the finding of a rigid, board-like abdomen.

Choice B reason:

Paralytic ileus refers to a condition in which the intestines stop functioning, causing a lack of bowel sounds and distension, but it is not directly related to the rigid abdomen finding.

Choice C reason:

Abdominal compartment syndrome may cause abdominal distension and increased intra-abdominal pressure, but it does not necessarily result in a rigid, board-like abdomen.

Choice D reason:

The finding of a rigid, board-like abdomen upon palpation is known as guarding, which is a protective response of the abdominal muscles in peritonitis to minimize movement and protect the inflamed peritoneum.


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Question 20: A client with peritonitis reports experiencing sharp, sudden-onset pain that worsens with movement. The nurse recognizes this type of pain as:

Explanation

Choice A reason:

Referred pain is pain that is felt in a different location from its source, and it is not directly associated with the sharp, sudden-onset pain described by the client.

Choice B reason:

Visceral pain arises from the internal organs and is often described as sharp and colicky. It worsens with movement and is a characteristic feature of peritonitis.

Choice C reason:

Neuropathic pain is caused by nerve damage and is not typically associated with peritonitis.

Choice D reason:

Radiating pain is pain that extends from its source to other areas, and it is not specifically described in the scenario.


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Question 21: A client with peritonitis experiences abdominal distension and decreased bowel sounds on auscultation. The nurse recognizes these findings as suggestive of:

Explanation

Choice A reason:

Hypovolemic shock involves severe blood loss or fluid depletion and may present with signs of hypotension and tachycardia but is not directly related to the findings described.

Choice B reason:

Paralytic ileus is a lack of bowel motility that causes abdominal distension and decreased bowel sounds, and it is a common complication of peritonitis.

Choice C reason:

Intestinal obstruction involves a blockage of the intestines and may present with abdominal distension and altered bowel sounds, but it is not directly related to peritonitis in this context.

Choice D reason:

Urinary retention involves the inability to empty the bladder fully and is not related to the findings described in the scenario.


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Question 22: A client with peritonitis develops an elevated white blood cell count. The nurse recognizes this laboratory finding as indicative of:

Explanation

Choice A reason:

Anemia refers to a low red blood cell count or hemoglobin level and is not directly related to an elevated white blood cell count.

Choice B reason:

An elevated white blood cell count is a common indicator of infection, such as in peritonitis, as the body's immune response is heightened to combat the inflammation and infection.

Choice C reason:

Hypoalbuminemia refers to low albumin levels in the blood and is not directly related to an elevated white blood cell count.

Choice D reason:

Dehydration may result in elevated blood cell counts due to hemoconcentration, but it is not the primary cause of an elevated white blood cell count in peritonitis.


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Question 23: A nurse caring for a client with peritonitis observes the client assuming a fetal position and exhibiting restlessness. The nurse interprets these behaviors as indicative of:

Explanation

Choice A reason:

Anxiety may lead to restlessness, but the assumption of a fetal position suggests a pain response, which is a common finding in peritonitis.

Choice B reason:

Fatigue may lead to restlessness, but it does not explain the assumption of a fetal position, which is a pain-coping mechanism.

Choice C reason:

The client assuming a fetal position and exhibiting restlessness are indicative of pain, which is a common symptom in peritonitis.

Choice D reason:

Respiratory distress is not directly related to the findings described in the scenario.


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Question 24: A client with peritonitis develops a high fever, chills, and profuse sweating. The nurse recognizes these signs as indicative of:

Explanation

Choice A reason:

Hypoglycemia refers to low blood sugar levels and is not directly related to the signs described in the scenario.

Choice B reason:

Hyperthyroidism involves an overactive thyroid gland and may cause symptoms such as weight loss and heat intolerance but is not associated with the signs described.

Choice C reason:

The client's high fever, chills, and profuse sweating are suggestive of sepsis, a severe systemic infection often resulting from peritonitis.

Choice D reason:

Renal failure involves impaired kidney function and may present with specific signs, but it is not directly related to the signs described in the scenario.


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Question 25: A nurse is assessing a client suspected of having peritonitis. Which diagnostic test is most likely to be performed to confirm the diagnosis?

Explanation

Choice A reason:

An electrocardiogram (ECG) is used to assess the electrical activity of the heart and is not specific to diagnosing peritonitis.

Choice B reason:

A complete blood count (CBC) may reveal elevated white blood cell count and inflammatory markers, but it alone cannot confirm the diagnosis of peritonitis.

Choice C reason:

A chest X-ray may be performed to rule out other conditions, but it is not the primary diagnostic test for peritonitis.

Choice D reason:

An abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan is a valuable diagnostic tool for identifying signs of inflammation and infection in the peritoneal cavity, aiding in the confirmation of peritonitis.


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Question 26: A client with suspected peritonitis is scheduled for diagnostic paracentesis. The nurse explains to the client that this procedure involves:

Explanation

Choice A reason:

Inserting a catheter into the bladder to collect urine is not related to diagnostic paracentesis for peritonitis.

Choice B reason:

Diagnostic paracentesis involves removing fluid from the peritoneal cavity for analysis, helping to identify the presence of infection or inflammation in the peritoneum.

Choice C reason:

Injecting contrast dye into the bloodstream for imaging is not a part of the diagnostic paracentesis procedure.

Choice D reason:

Taking a tissue sample from the peritoneal lining is not the purpose of diagnostic paracentesis.


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Question 27: A client with suspected peritonitis is undergoing abdominal imaging. The nurse prepares the client for which diagnostic imaging modality that can provide detailed images of the peritoneal organs and structures?

Explanation

Choice A reason:

An electrocardiogram (ECG) is used to assess the electrical activity of the heart, not the abdomen.

Choice B reason:

An abdominal X-ray provides a basic overview of the abdomen but may not offer detailed images of the peritoneal organs and structures.

Choice C reason:

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can provide high-resolution images of the abdominal organs and structures, including the peritoneum, making it a valuable diagnostic tool for suspected peritonitis.

Choice D reason:

Ultrasonography can provide images of the abdominal organs, but it may not offer the level of detail provided by MRI in assessing peritonitis.


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Question 28: A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of a client suspected of having peritonitis. Which finding is most indicative of this condition?

Explanation

Choice A reason:

Elevated serum creatinine levels are associated with kidney function and are not specific to peritonitis.

Choice B reason:

Elevated amylase and lipase levels are indicative of pancreatitis and are not directly related to peritonitis.

Choice C reason:

Elevated blood glucose levels may be indicative of diabetes or stress-related hyperglycemia but are not specific to peritonitis.

Choice D reason:

An elevated white blood cell count (WBC) is a common finding in peritonitis, indicating an inflammatory response and possible infection in the peritoneal cavity.


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Question 29: A nurse is assessing a client with suspected peritonitis. Which clinical finding is a hallmark sign of this condition?

Explanation

Choice A reason:

Severe headache and neck stiffness are signs of meningitis and are not directly related to peritonitis.

Choice B reason:

Rapid and shallow breathing may occur with other respiratory conditions but is not a hallmark sign of peritonitis.

Choice C reason:

Abdominal rigidity and tenderness are hallmark signs of peritonitis and are caused by the inflammation of the peritoneum.

Choice D reason:

Hyperactive bowel sounds may occur with gastrointestinal disorders but are not specific to peritonitis.


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Question 30: A client with peritonitis is experiencing severe abdominal pain. The nurse assesses the client's abdomen and notes that it appears bloated and distended. The nurse recognizes this as a potential sign of:

Explanation

Choice A reason:

Ascites refers to the accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity and does not necessarily cause bloating and distension of the abdomen in the context of peritonitis.

Choice B reason:

Intestinal obstruction can occur in peritonitis when inflammation or infection causes the intestines to become blocked, leading to bloating and distension of the abdomen.

Choice C reason:

Appendicitis is inflammation of the appendix and may cause pain, but it is not associated with generalized bloating and distension of the abdomen.

Choice D reason:

Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas and may cause abdominal pain, but it is not associated with generalized bloating and distension of the abdomen.


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Question 31: A client with peritonitis is undergoing diagnostic imaging. The nurse explains to the client that the purpose of this imaging is to:

Explanation

Choice A reason:

Assessing heart function requires specific cardiac imaging, not the imaging indicated for peritonitis.

Choice B reason:

Identifying bone fractures would require imaging specific to the bones, not the peritoneum.

Choice C reason:

Diagnostic imaging in peritonitis aims to detect inflammation and infection in the peritoneum, helping to confirm the diagnosis and guide treatment.

Choice D reason:

Evaluating lung health would involve pulmonary imaging, not the imaging indicated for peritonitis.


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Question 32: A nurse is assisting with a diagnostic paracentesis for a client with suspected peritonitis. The nurse understands that this procedure involves:

Explanation

Choice A reason:

Removal of fluid from the pleural cavity would be a thoracentesis, not a paracentesis.

Choice B reason:

Removal of fluid from the pericardial sac would be a pericardiocentesis, not a paracentesis.

Choice C reason:

A diagnostic paracentesis involves removing fluid from the peritoneal cavity to analyze for signs of infection and inflammation, which is important in diagnosing peritonitis.

Choice D reason:

Removal of fluid from the spinal canal would be a lumbar puncture, not a paracentesis.


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Question 33: A nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with peritonitis. Which intervention is the highest priority in the management of this condition?

Explanation

Choice A reason:

Administering pain medication is important for the client's comfort, but it is not the highest priority in the management of peritonitis. Addressing the underlying infection with antibiotics takes precedence.

Choice B reason:

Monitoring vital signs is essential for assessing the client's condition, but initiating antibiotic therapy is more critical to address the underlying infection.

Choice C reason:

Initiating intravenous (IV) antibiotic therapy is the highest priority in the management of peritonitis. Prompt administration of antibiotics is essential to treat the bacterial infection and prevent its spread.

Choice D reason:

Encouraging deep breathing and coughing exercises is beneficial for preventing respiratory complications, but it is not the highest priority compared to addressing the infection with antibiotics.


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Question 34: A nurse is preparing a care plan for a client with peritonitis. Which nursing intervention is essential to include in the plan to address potential complications of this condition?

Explanation

Choice A reason:

Assessing for peripheral edema is important for clients with various conditions, but it is not directly related to the potential complications of peritonitis.

Choice B reason:

Monitoring blood glucose levels regularly is essential in clients with peritonitis, as hyperglycemia can be a complication of the inflammatory response and stress associated with the condition.

Choice C reason:

Encouraging fluid intake is essential for clients with peritonitis, but the specific recommendation of 3 liters per day is not universally applicable and may vary based on individual client needs and medical status.

Choice D reason:

Implementing fall precautions is important for clients at risk of falls, but it is not directly related to potential complications of peritonitis.


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Question 35: A client with peritonitis is experiencing severe abdominal pain. The nurse recognizes that this pain may be exacerbated by which factor?

Explanation

Choice A reason:

Lying flat in bed may provide some comfort for the client and is not likely to exacerbate the abdominal pain associated with peritonitis.

Choice B reason:

Using a heating pad on the abdomen may provide some relief for the client and is not likely to exacerbate the abdominal pain associated with peritonitis.

Choice C reason:

Deep breathing and coughing exercises may worsen the client's abdominal pain due to the stretching and movement of the peritoneum during these activities.

Choice D reason:

Administering prescribed analgesics is essential for managing the client's pain and providing comfort during the treatment of peritonitis.


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Question 36: A client with peritonitis is prescribed intravenous (IV) antibiotics. The nurse ensures to:

Explanation

Choice A reason:

Changing the IV site every 24 hours is not necessary for IV antibiotic administration unless there is an indication of infiltration or infection at the site.

Choice B reason:

Administering the antibiotics using an infusion pump is essential to ensure accurate and controlled delivery of the medication, particularly when the client's condition requires a precise dosing schedule.

Choice C reason:

Discontinuing the antibiotics after 48 hours of improvement may lead to a recurrence of the infection. Clients with peritonitis often require a full course of antibiotic therapy to ensure complete eradication of the infection.

Choice D reason:

Administering the antibiotics through a peripheral IV catheter may not be suitable for the client's condition, as peritonitis may necessitate the use of a central line for administration of IV medications.


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Question 37: A client with peritonitis is prescribed continuous gastric suction. The nurse understands that this intervention is essential to:

Explanation

Choice A reason:

Continuous gastric suction is not primarily intended to prevent aspiration pneumonia, although it may indirectly help reduce the risk of aspiration in some cases.

Choice B reason:

Reducing intra-abdominal pressure is not the primary purpose of continuous gastric suction, although it may have some effect on the overall abdominal pressure.

Choice C reason:

Continuous gastric suction is not primarily intended to manage pain and discomfort in the client with peritonitis, although it may help alleviate some symptoms.

Choice D reason:

Promoting bowel rest is the main purpose of continuous gastric suction in the management of peritonitis. By reducing the workload of the gastrointestinal tract, the inflamed peritoneum can heal and recover more effectively.


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Question 38: A client with peritonitis is prescribed intravenous (IV) fluid resuscitation. The nurse understands that the primary goal of fluid resuscitation is to:

Explanation

Choice A reason:

Correcting electrolyte imbalances is important in fluid resuscitation, but the primary goal is to prevent circulatory collapse and restore hemodynamic stability.

Choice B reason:

The primary goal of fluid resuscitation in peritonitis is to prevent circulatory collapse and maintain adequate blood pressure and perfusion to vital organs.

Choice C reason:

Maintaining adequate urine output is one of the indicators of effective fluid resuscitation, but it is not the primary goal in this context.

Choice D reason:

Restoring fluid balance is a goal of fluid resuscitation, but the primary focus is on preventing circulatory collapse and ensuring adequate tissue perfusion.


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Question 39: A client with peritonitis is prescribed intravenous (IV) opioids for pain management. The nurse closely monitors the client for which potential side effect?

Explanation

Choice A reason:

Bradycardia is not a common side effect of opioid use in clients with peritonitis.

Choice B reason:

Hypertension is not a common side effect of opioid use in clients with peritonitis.

Choice C reason:

Respiratory depression is a potential side effect of opioid use and is a significant concern in clients with peritonitis, as they may already have compromised respiratory function.

Choice D reason:

Diarrhea is not

a common side effect of opioid use in clients with peritonitis.


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Question 40: A client is recovering from peritonitis and is being discharged from the hospital. The nurse provides discharge instructions and emphasizes the importance of:

Explanation

Choice A reason:

Maintaining a low-fiber diet is not a standard recommendation for clients recovering from peritonitis.

Choice B reason:

Avoiding physical activity for two weeks is not necessary for all clients recovering from peritonitis, and individualized recommendations should be provided based on the client's condition and physician's instructions.

Choice C reason:

Taking prescribed antibiotics as directed is essential for clients recovering from peritonitis to complete the course of treatment and ensure the infection is fully eradicated.

Choice D reason:

Using a heating pad for abdominal pain relief may not be recommended for all clients recovering from peritonitis, as it may exacerbate inflammation or lead to complications. Individualized pain management strategies should be discussed with the healthcare provider.


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Question 41: A nurse is caring for a client with peritonitis who developed sepsis. Which nursing intervention is the highest priority in managing this complication?

Explanation

Choice A reason:

Administering pain medication is important for the client's comfort, but it is not the highest priority in managing sepsis, a life-threatening complication of peritonitis. Addressing the underlying infection with antibiotics takes precedence.

Choice B reason:

Monitoring vital signs is essential for assessing the client's condition, but initiating broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy is more critical in managing sepsis.

Choice C reason:

Initiating broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy is the highest priority in managing sepsis. Prompt administration of antibiotics is crucial to treat the bacterial infection and prevent its spread.

Choice D reason:

Providing deep breathing exercises is important for preventing respiratory complications, but it is not the highest priority compared to addressing sepsis with antibiotics.


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Question 42: A nurse is caring for a client with peritonitis who is at risk of developing abdominal compartment syndrome. Which assessment finding should the nurse be most concerned about?

Explanation

Choice A reason:

Increased urine output is not a concerning finding in this context and may indicate adequate fluid resuscitation.

Choice B reason:

Abdominal distension and firmness are concerning findings and may indicate the development of abdominal compartment syndrome, a serious complication of peritonitis.

Choice C reason:

Normal respiratory rate is a positive finding, but it does not directly relate to the development of abdominal compartment syndrome.

Choice D reason:

Mild incisional pain is expected after surgery, but it does not indicate the development of abdominal compartment syndrome.


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Question 43: A client with peritonitis develops acute kidney injury (AKI). Which nursing intervention is essential in the management of this complication?

Explanation

Choice A reason:

Monitoring blood glucose levels is important for clients with various conditions, but it is not directly related to the management of acute kidney injury (AKI) in peritonitis.

Choice B reason:

Administering pain medication is essential for managing the client's pain and providing comfort during treatment, but it is not directly related to the management of acute kidney injury.

Choice C reason:

Encouraging fluid intake is important for clients with peritonitis, but the specific recommendation of 3 liters per day is not universally applicable and may vary based on individual client needs and medical status.

Choice D reason:

Maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance is crucial in managing acute kidney injury in peritonitis. The nurse should closely monitor the client's fluid intake, output, and electrolyte levels and collaborate with the healthcare team to adjust the fluid therapy as needed.


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Question 44: A client with peritonitis develops hypotension and tachycardia. The nurse recognizes these signs as possible indications of which complication?

Explanation

Choice A reason:

Abdominal compartment syndrome may present with abdominal distension and firmness but is not directly associated with hypotension and tachycardia.

Choice B reason:

Respiratory distress syndrome may manifest with respiratory symptoms such as dyspnea and decreased oxygen saturation but is not directly associated with hypotension and tachycardia.

Choice C reason:

Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response to infection and can cause hypotension and tachycardia as part of its clinical presentation.

Choice D reason:

Gastrointestinal bleeding may present with symptoms such as melena or hematemesis but is not directly associated with hypotension and tachycardia.


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Question 45: A client with peritonitis is prescribed a nasogastric (NG) tube for decompression. The nurse understands that the primary purpose of the NG tube is to:

Explanation

Choice A reason:

Preventing aspiration pneumonia is one of the benefits of an NG tube, but the primary purpose in peritonitis is to relieve abdominal distension caused by fluid and gas accumulation.

Choice B reason:

Relieving abdominal distension is the primary purpose of an NG tube in clients with peritonitis, as it helps remove fluid and gas from the stomach and intestines, reducing pressure on the peritoneum.

Choice C reason:

Monitoring gastric pH levels may be done with an NG tube in certain situations, but it is not the primary purpose in the context of peritonitis.

Choice D reason:

Administering enteral nutrition may be a secondary purpose of an NG tube in some cases, but it is not the primary goal in clients with peritonitis.


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Question 46: A client with peritonitis is experiencing acute respiratory distress. Which intervention is the nurse's priority in managing this complication?

Explanation

Choice A reason:

Administering oxygen as prescribed is the priority intervention in managing acute respiratory distress to improve oxygenation and support respiratory function.

Choice B reason:

Elevating the head of the bed is helpful for promoting lung expansion, but it is not the priority intervention in managing acute respiratory distress.

Choice C reason:

Monitoring blood pressure regularly is essential in assessing the client's overall condition, but it does not directly address the respiratory distress.

Choice D reason:

Administering bronchodilator medication is not the priority intervention in managing acute respiratory distress unless there is a specific indication for its use.


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Question 47: A client with peritonitis is at risk of developing hypovolemic shock. Which assessment finding should the nurse be most concerned about?

Explanation

Choice A reason:

Bradycardia is not a concerning finding in this context and may indicate a vagal response or be a side effect of certain medications.

Choice B reason:

Hypotension is a concerning finding and may indicate hypovolemic shock, a potentially life-threatening complication of peritonitis.

Choice C reason:

Hyperactive bowel sounds are not a concerning finding in this context and may be a sign of gastrointestinal motility.

Choice D reason:

Increased urine output may be a positive finding but does not directly relate to the development of hypovolemic shock.


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Question 48:

A client with peritonitis develops a wound infection at the surgical site. Which nursing intervention is essential in preventing the spread of infection?

Explanation

Choice A reason:

Administering oral antibiotics may be necessary for treating the wound infection, but it does not directly prevent the spread of infection.

Choice B reason:

Performing sterile dressing changes is essential in preventing the spread of infection and promoting wound healing.

Choice C reason:

Limiting visitors to the client's room may help reduce the risk of introducing new pathogens, but it is not the primary intervention for preventing wound infection.

Choice D reason:

Providing pain medication as needed is important for the client's comfort but does not directly prevent the spread of infection.


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