The correct answer is choice A. Age younger than 30 years old is not a risk factor for gestational diabetes.According to the CDC, some of the risk factors for gestational diabetes are:

• Being overweight or obese before pregnancy

• Having a family history of diabetes

• Being older than 25 years

• Having a history of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

• Having a previous baby weighing more than 9 pounds or having gestational diabetes before

Choice B is wrong because body mass index (BMI) below 25 is considered normal and does not increase the risk of gestational diabetes.A BMI of 25 or higher is considered overweight or obese and increases the risk of gestational diabetes.

Choice C is wrong because having a previous baby weighing more than 4.5 kg (10 lb) at birth is a risk factor for gestational diabetes, not the opposite.A large baby can indicate that the mother had high blood sugar during pregnancy and can cause complications during delivery.

Choice D is wrong because having a family history of diabetes is a risk factor for gestational diabetes, not the opposite.This means that if someone in your close family has diabetes, you are more likely to develop gestational diabetes.

The correct answer is choice B. Gestational diabetes.Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a condition that affects the ovaries and hormones, and is associated with increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), which is a type of diabetes that only pregnant women get.Women with PCOS are more likely to have insulin resistance, obesity, and metabolic syndrome, which are risk factors for GDM.GDM can cause complications for both the mother and the baby, such as preeclampsia, large for gestational age baby, cesarean delivery, low blood sugar, and breathing problems.

Choice A is wrong because PCOS is not a risk factor for gestational hypertension, which is a sudden increase in blood pressure after the 20th week of pregnancy.Gestational hypertension can lead to preeclampsia, which can affect the mother’s kidneys, liver, and brain.PCOS may increase the risk of preeclampsia, but not directly of gestational hypertension.

Choice C is wrong because PCOS is not a risk factor for preterm labor, which is the delivery of the baby before 37 weeks of pregnancy.Preterm labor can cause health problems for the baby, such as breathing difficulties, bleeding in the brain, and infections.PCOS may increase the risk of preterm delivery due to other complications, such as preeclampsia or GDM, but not directly of preterm labor.

Choice D is wrong because PCOS is not a risk factor for ectopic pregnancy, which is when the fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, usually in the fallopian tube.Ectopic pregnancy can cause severe pain and bleeding, and can be life-threatening if not treated promptly.PCOS may affect the ovulation and fertility of women, but it does not increase the risk of ectopic pregnancy.

Normal ranges for blood glucose levels during pregnancy are:

• Fasting: less than 95 mg/dL

• One hour after meal: less than 140 mg/dL

• Two hours after meal: less than 120 mg/dL

The correct answer is choice B. Gestational diabetes.Having a parent or sibling with diabetes increases the risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), a condition that affects the way the body processes glucose during pregnancy.GDM can cause complications for both the mother and the baby, such as high blood pressure, preterm labor, macrosomia, hypoglycemia and increased risk of type 2 diabetes later in life.

Choice A is wrong because preeclampsia is not directly related to diabetes, but rather to high blood pressure and proteinuria that can occur during pregnancy.Preeclampsia can affect the placenta, kidneys, liver and brain of the mother and can lead to eclampsia, a life-threatening condition that causes seizures.

Choice C is wrong because ectopic pregnancy is not related to diabetes, but rather to a fertilized egg implanting outside the uterus, usually in the fallopian tube.

Ectopic pregnancy can cause severe bleeding and damage to the reproductive organs and can be fatal if not treated promptly.

Choice D is wrong because preterm labor is not caused by diabetes alone, but rather by a combination of factors that can trigger contractions before 37 weeks of gestation.

Some of these factors include infections, dehydration, multiple pregnancy, placental problems and stress.

The correct answer is choice C. Native American.According to UpToDate, Native American women have a higher risk of gestational diabetes than other ethnic groups.

Gestational diabetes is a condition that occurs when the body cannot produce enough insulin or use it effectively during pregnancy, leading to high blood sugar levels.

Choice A is wrong because Caucasian women have a lower risk of gestational diabetes than other ethnic groups.

Choice B is wrong because Hispanic women have an intermediate risk of gestational diabetes, lower than Native American but higher than Caucasian.

Choice D is wrong because Pacific Islander women have a similar risk of gestational diabetes as Hispanic women, lower than Native American but higher than Caucasian.

Normal ranges for fasting blood glucose are 60 to 99 mg/dL and for 1-hour glucose screening are less than 140 mg/dL.

Danielle’s fasting 1-hour glucose screening level of 164 mg/dL was above the normal range and indicated the need for further testing.

The correct answer is choice A. Previous history of gestational diabetes.This is because having gestational diabetes (GDM) in a previous pregnancy increases the risk of developing it again in a subsequent pregnancy.GDM is a condition where the blood sugar (glucose) is higher than normal during pregnancy.

Choice B is wrong because normal body mass index (BMI) does not increase the risk of GDM.In fact, being overweight or obese is a risk factor for GDM.

Choice C is wrong because having a family history of diabetes is a risk factor for GDM.

This means that having relatives with diabetes increases the likelihood of developing GDM.

Choice D is wrong because being younger than 25 years old does not increase the risk of GDM.In fact, being older than 25 years old is a risk factor for GDM.

Normal ranges for blood glucose during pregnancy are 60-99 mg/dL before meals and less than 140 mg/dL one hour after meals.