Choice A Reason: Physical abuse is the intentional use of physical force that results in injury, pain, or impairment to the child. Bruises, burns, and fractures are common signs of physical abuse.
Choice B Reason: Sexual abuse is the involvement of a child in sexual activity that he or she does not fully comprehend, consent to, or is developmentally inappropriate. Sexual abuse may cause genital injuries, sexually transmitted infections, or pregnancy.
Choice C Reason: Emotional abuse is the persistent emotional maltreatment of a child that causes severe and adverse effects on the child's emotional development. Emotional abuse may cause low self-esteem, withdrawal, anxiety, depression, or aggression.
Choice D Reason: Neglect is the failure to provide for a child's basic physical, emotional, educational, or medical needs. Neglect may cause poor hygiene, malnutrition, failure to thrive, or developmental delays.

Choice A Reason: The nurse should respond with empathy and validation to the client who has been sexually abused. The nurse should reassure the client that she is not to blame for what happened and that the abuser is the one who did something wrong.
Choice B Reason: The nurse should not question or challenge the client's feelings of guilt or blame. This may make the client feel defensive or ashamed and prevent her from opening up to the nurse.
Choice C Reason: The nurse should not ask the client how she tried to stop the abuser or imply that she could have done something differently. This may make the client feel responsible or inadequate for not preventing the abuse.
Choice D Reason: The nurse should not pressure the client to disclose the details of the abuse or make her feel that she has to tell everything to get help. This may make the client feel violated or overwhelmed and retraumatize her.

Choice B Reason: The nurse should say something that expresses empathy and support for the parents who are neglecting their children. The nurse should acknowledge that the parents may be facing difficulties or barriers that prevent them from providing adequate care for their children. The nurse should also invite the parents to share their concerns or challenges and offer assistance or referrals to appropriate resources.
Choice A Reason: The nurse should not say something that criticizes or scolds the parents for neglecting their children. This may make the parents feel defensive, angry, or hopeless and damage the therapeutic relationship with the nurse.
Choice C Reason: The nurse should not say something that judges or shames the parents for neglecting their children. This may make the parents feel guilty, worthless, or depressed and reduce their motivation or confidence to change their situation.
Choice D Reason: The nurse should not say something that threatens or intimidates the parents for neglecting their children. This may make the parents feel fearful, hostile, or distrustful and hinder the cooperation or collaboration with the nurse.

Choice A Reason: The nurse should state that children who are abused or neglected may show physical, behavioral, or emotional changes that indicate maltreatment. These changes may include injuries, bruises, burns, fractures, head trauma, organ damage, impaired growth and development, chronic pain, disability, death, emotional distress, fear, anger, guilt, shame, sadness, depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), attachment problems, low self-esteem, withdrawal, aggression, substance abuse, delinquency, suicide attempts, poor school performance, learning difficulties, cognitive impairment, social isolation, or difficulty trusting others.
Choice B Reason: The nurse should not state that children who are abused or neglected may have injuries or illnesses that are consistent with their age and developmental level. This is incorrect because children who are abused or neglected may have injuries or illnesses that are inconsistent with their age and developmental level. For example, a child who has a fracture that does not match the explanation given by the parent or caregiver may be a victim of physical abuse.
Choice C Reason: The nurse should not state that children who are abused or neglected may have positive relationships with their peers and teachers at school. This is incorrect because children who are abused or neglected may have negative relationships with their peers and teachers at school. For example, a child who is isolated, bullied, or rejected by his or her classmates may be a victim of emotional abuse or neglect.
Choice D Reason: The nurse should not state that children who are abused or neglected may have normal academic performance and cognitive abilities. This is incorrect because children who are abused or neglected may have poor academic performance and cognitive abilities. For example, a child who has difficulty concentrating, remembering, or solving problems may be a victim of sexual abuse or neglect.