Vaginal and urethral drug administration delivers drugs directly to the site of action in the vagina or urethra, allowing for high local drug concentrations and reducing systemic side effects. This route of administration is non-invasive and does not require any special equipment or training.

Vaginal and urethral drug administration can be messy and inconvenient to administer because it involves inserting suppositories, creams, or gels into the vagina or urethra.

a. Vaginal and urethral drug administration can have a rapid onset of action, but this is not a disadvantage.

c. The cost of vaginal and urethral drug administration can vary depending on the medication used, but it is not necessarily more expensive than other routes of administration.

d. Vaginal and urethral drug administration is non-invasive.

Metronidazole is commonly administered vaginally in the form of a gel or suppository for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis. This route of administration allows for the effective delivery of medication directly to the site of infection.

b.Furosemide is commonly administered orally or intravenously, not vaginally.

c.Metoprolol is commonly administered orally, not vaginally.

d.Simvastatin is commonly administered orally, not vaginally.

Vaginal and urethral drug administration delivers drugs directly to the site of action in the vagina or urethra, allowing for high local drug concentrations and reducing systemic side effects.

a. This statement is false because vaginal and urethral drug administration delivers drugs directly to the site of action in the vagina or urethra, not specifically to the liver.

b. This statement may be true or false depending on the specific medication and condition being treated. Vaginal and urethral drug administration can have a rapid onset of action for some conditions but may have a slower onset of action compared to oral administration for others.

d. This statement is false because vaginal and urethral drug administration is non-invasive.

pH, the presence of mucus or discharge, and blood flow can all affect the absorption of vaginally or urethral administered drugs. For example, some drugs may require an acidic environment for optimal absorption and may be affected by changes in pH. The presence of mucus or discharge can also affect absorption by altering contact between the drug and mucous membranes. Blood flow can affect absorption by altering the rate at which drugs are delivered to the absorption site.