Choice A rationale:

Mammography is a commonly performed diagnostic test to assess breast disorders.

It is a low-dose X-ray imaging technique specifically designed to detect abnormalities in breast tissue, such as tumors or cysts.

Mammograms are an essential tool in breast cancer screening and early detection, especially for women over the age of 40.

They can help identify breast abnormalities before they are palpable, increasing the chances of successful treatment.

Choice B rationale:

Ultrasound is also a valid diagnostic test for assessing breast disorders.

Breast ultrasound uses high-frequency sound waves to produce images of breast tissue.

It is often used to further evaluate breast lumps or abnormalities detected on a mammogram.

Ultrasound can provide additional information about the nature of the breast tissue, such as whether a lump is a solid mass or a fluid-filled cyst.

Choice C rationale:

Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is occasionally performed in breast assessments, especially when a suspicious breast lump is identified.

FNA involves using a thin needle to withdraw a small sample of tissue or fluid from the breast for examination under a microscope.

It can help determine whether a lump is benign or malignant.

However, it is not commonly used for routine breast screening.

Choice D rationale:

Colonoscopy is not a diagnostic test for breast disorders.

It is a procedure used to examine the colon and rectum for signs of colorectal cancer or other gastrointestinal issues.

There is no relevance between colonoscopy and breast assessments.

Choice E rationale:

Biopsy is another important diagnostic procedure for breast disorders.

It involves the removal of a small sample of breast tissue for laboratory analysis.

A biopsy can confirm the presence of breast cancer and provide information about its type and grade.

It is often performed when a suspicious area is identified during a mammogram or ultrasound.

Biopsy results are essential for determining the appropriate course of treatment.