Contraindications of NSAIDs
Contraindications of NSAIDs ( 5 Questions)
A nurse is evaluating a client who has fever and is receiving acetaminophen (Tylenol), a nonsalicylate NSAID. What are some of the outcomes that indicate the effectiveness of the therapy?
This is because acetaminophen (Tylenol), a nonsalicylate NSAID, reduces fever by inhibiting the synthesis of prostaglandins in the hypothalamus, the part of the brain that regulates body temperature¹. Prostaglandins are involved in inflammation, pain, fever, and platelet aggregation. Therefore, acetaminophen has antipyretic and analgesic effects, but not anti-inflammatory or antiplatelet effects¹².
Option B is wrong because acetaminophen does not reduce inflammation, pain, and swelling, but only pain and fever. Acetaminophen does not inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins in the peripheral tissues, where they mediate inflammation and pain, but only in the central nervous system and the hypothalamus, where they modulate pain perception and body temperature.
Option C is wrong because acetaminophen does not reduce the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding and ulceration, but rather it has no effect on it. Acetaminophen does not inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins in the gastrointestinal mucosa, where they protect the lining from acid and enzymes, but only in the central nervous system and the hypothalamus. Therefore, acetaminophen is safer than nonselective COX inhibitors for patients with peptic ulcer disease or bleeding disorders.
Option D is wrong because acetaminophen does not reduce the risk of hepatotoxicity and liver impairment, but rather it can cause it if taken in high doses or with alcohol or other drugs that affect the liver. Acetaminophen is metabolized by the liver into a toxic intermediate that can deplete glutathione, a substance that protects the liver cells from damage. If the amount of this intermediate exceeds the amount of glutathione, liver injury can occur.
This is because acetaminophen (Tylenol), a nonsalicylate NSAID, reduces fever by inhibiting the synthesis of prostaglandins in the hypothalamus, the part of the brain that regulates body temperature¹. Prostaglandins are involved in inflammation, pain, fever, and platelet aggregation. Therefore, acetaminophen has antipyretic and analgesic effects, but not anti-inflammatory or antiplatelet effects¹².
The other options are wrong because they are either false or unrelated to the outcomes that indicate the effectiveness of acetaminophen (Tylenol), a nonsalicylate NSAID, in fever.
- Option B is wrong because acetaminophen does not reduce inflammation, pain, and swelling, but only pain and fever. Acetaminophen does not inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins in the peripheral tissues, where they mediate inflammation and pain, but only in the central nervous system and the hypothalamus, where they modulate pain perception and body temperature.
- Option C is wrong because acetaminophen does not reduce the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding and ulceration, but rather it has no effect on it. Acetaminophen does not inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins in the gastrointestinal mucosa, where they protect the lining from acid and enzymes, but only in the central nervous system and the hypothalamus. Therefore, acetaminophen is safer than nonselective COX inhibitors for patients with peptic ulcer disease or bleeding disorders.
- Option D is wrong because acetaminophen does not reduce the risk of hepatotoxicity and liver impairment, but rather it can cause it if taken in high doses or with alcohol or other drugs that affect the liver. Acetaminophen is metabolized by the liver into a toxic intermediate that can deplete glutathione, a substance that protects the liver cells from damage. If the amount of this intermediate exceeds the amount of glutathione, liver injury can occur.