More questions on this topic
More questions on this topic ( 27 Questions)
A nurse is administering albumin to a client who has hypovolemic shock due to hemorrhage. The nurse understands that albumin is which of the following types of solutions?
Crystalloid solutions are fluids that contain electrolytes and can diffuse across semipermeable membranes. They are used to treat dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and hypovolemia. However, they are not as effective as colloids in expanding the intravascular volume and maintaining the blood pressure. Therefore, choice A is incorrect.
Colloid solutions are fluids that contain large molecules such as proteins, starches, or gelatin that cannot cross the capillary membrane. They exert an osmotic pressure that draws fluid from the interstitial and intracellular spaces into the intravascular space. They are used to treat hypovolemic shock, burns, and hemorrhage. Albumin is a type of colloid solution that is derived from human plasma and contains 5% or 25% protein. It increases the plasma volume and the blood pressure by increasing the oncotic pressure. Therefore, choice B is correct.
Hypertonic solutions are fluids that have a higher osmolarity than the blood plasma. They draw water out of the cells and into the intravascular space. They are used to treat hyponatremia, cerebral edema, and severe dehydration. However, they can cause fluid overload, hypertension, and cellular dehydration if given in excess. Therefore, choice C is incorrect.
Hypotonic solutions are fluids that have a lower osmolarity than the blood plasma. They provide free water and electrolytes to the cells and the interstitial space. They are used to treat hypernatremia, cellular dehydration, and fluid loss due to burns or diuresis. However, they can cause fluid shifts from the intravascular space to the interstitial and intracellular spaces, resulting in hypovolemia, hypotension, and edema. Therefore, choice D is incorrect.
Choice A reason:
Crystalloid solutions are fluids that contain electrolytes and can diffuse across semipermeable membranes. They are used to treat dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and hypovolemia. However, they are not as effective as colloids in expanding the intravascular volume and maintaining the blood pressure. Therefore, choice A is incorrect.
Choice B reason:
Colloid solutions are fluids that contain large molecules such as proteins, starches, or gelatin that cannot cross the capillary membrane. They exert an osmotic pressure that draws fluid from the interstitial and intracellular spaces into the intravascular space. They are used to treat hypovolemic shock, burns, and hemorrhage. Albumin is a type of colloid solution that is derived from human plasma and contains 5% or 25% protein. It increases the plasma volume and the blood pressure by increasing the oncotic pressure. Therefore, choice B is correct.
Choice C reason:
Hypertonic solutions are fluids that have a higher osmolarity than the blood plasma. They draw water out of the cells and into the intravascular space. They are used to treat hyponatremia, cerebral edema, and severe dehydration. However, they can cause fluid overload, hypertension, and cellular dehydration if given in excess. Therefore, choice C is incorrect.
Choice D reason:
Hypotonic solutions are fluids that have a lower osmolarity than the blood plasma. They provide free water and electrolytes to the cells and the interstitial space. They are used to treat hypernatremia, cellular dehydration, and fluid loss due to burns or diuresis. However, they can cause fluid shifts from the intravascular space to the interstitial and intracellular spaces, resulting in hypovolemia, hypotension, and edema. Therefore, choice D is incorrect.