Aromatherapy is a nonpharmacologic method of pain management during labor that uses scented oils or candles to stimulate the senses and distract the woman from the pain. Aromatherapy can also help reduce anxiety and stress during labor.

effleurage is a massage technique that involves light stroking of the skin, not deep pressure on the abdomen. Effleurage can help relax the muscles and increase blood circulation during labor.

hypnosis does not make the woman forget about the pain completely, but rather helps her enter a state of deep relaxation and focused attention that can reduce the perception of pain. Hypnosis can also help with breathing and coping skills during labor.

hydrotherapy is the use of water in baths, showers, or pools to help ease the pain and discomfort of labor. Hydrotherapy can help reduce muscle tension, lower blood pressure, and increase endorphins during labor. Hydrotherapy does not increase blood pressure and heart rate, but rather has the opposite effect.