Genetic and Congenital Disorders
Genetic and Congenital Disorders ( 4 Questions)
A nurse is caring for a client who has a congenital disorder caused by an environmental factor. The nurse understands that this type of congenital disorder is caused by what type of factor?
Teratogenic factor. A teratogenic factor is an environmental factor that can cause congenital disorders by interfering with the normal development of the fetus during the prenatal period. Teratogenic factors can include drugs, chemicals, infections, radiation, or maternal conditions that can affect the fetal growth and differentiation. Some examples of teratogenic factors are alcohol, thalidomide, rubella, ionizing radiation, or diabetes mellitus.
Mutagenic factor is an environmental factor that can cause genetic disorders by inducing changes in the DNA sequence or structure of the cells. Mutagenic factors can include chemicals, radiation, or viruses that can damage the DNA and cause mutations or chromosomal aberrations. Some examples of mutagenic factors are benzene, ultraviolet light, or human papillomavirus.
Carcinogenic factor is an environmental factor that can cause cancer by promoting the abnormal and uncontrolled growth of cells. Carcinogenic factors can include chemicals, radiation, or viruses that can interact with the DNA and cause mutations or epigenetic alterations that affect the gene expression or function. Some examples of carcinogenic factors are tobacco smoke, asbestos, or hepatitis B virus.
Epigenetic factor is an environmental factor that can cause genetic or congenital disorders by modifying the gene expression or function without changing the DNA sequence or structure. Epigenetic factors can include chemicals, nutrients, hormones, or stress that can affect the DNA methylation, histone modification, or microRNA expression that regulate the gene activity or silencing. Some examples of epigenetic factors are folate, estrogen, or cortisol.
Choice A reason:
Teratogenic factor. A teratogenic factor is an environmental factor that can cause congenital disorders by interfering with the normal development of the fetus during the prenatal period. Teratogenic factors can include drugs, chemicals, infections, radiation, or maternal conditions that can affect the fetal growth and differentiation. Some examples of teratogenic factors are alcohol, thalidomide, rubella, ionizing radiation, or diabetes mellitus.
Choice B reason:
Mutagenic factor is an environmental factor that can cause genetic disorders by inducing changes in the DNA sequence or structure of the cells. Mutagenic factors can include chemicals, radiation, or viruses that can damage the DNA and cause mutations or chromosomal aberrations. Some examples of mutagenic factors are benzene, ultraviolet light, or human papillomavirus.
Choice C reason:
Carcinogenic factor is an environmental factor that can cause cancer by promoting the abnormal and uncontrolled growth of cells. Carcinogenic factors can include chemicals, radiation, or viruses that can interact with the DNA and cause mutations or epigenetic alterations that affect the gene expression or function. Some examples of carcinogenic factors are tobacco smoke, asbestos, or hepatitis B virus.
Choice D reason:
Epigenetic factor is an environmental factor that can cause genetic or congenital disorders by modifying the gene expression or function without changing the DNA sequence or structure. Epigenetic factors can include chemicals, nutrients, hormones, or stress that can affect the DNA methylation, histone modification, or microRNA expression that regulate the gene activity or silencing. Some examples of epigenetic factors are folate, estrogen, or cortisol.