Neoplasia
Neoplasia ( 5 Questions)
A nurse is administering chemotherapy to a client who has breast cancer. The client asks the nurse how chemotherapy works to treat cancer. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the response?
Chemotherapy kills cancer cells by interfering with their DNA synthesis and replication. Chemotherapy drugs are cytotoxic agents that target rapidly dividing cells, such as cancer cells, and disrupt their cell cycle, DNA repair, or DNA replication mechanisms. This leads to cell death or apoptosis.
Radiation therapy kills cancer cells by exposing them to high-energy radiation that damages their DNA. Radiation therapy uses ionizing radiation, such as x-rays, gamma rays, or protons, that create free radicals that break DNA strands and cause mutations or chromosomal aberrations in cancer cells.
Immunotherapy kills cancer cells by stimulating the immune system to recognize and destroy them. Immunotherapy uses biological agents, such as monoclonal antibodies, cytokines, vaccines, or adoptive cell transfer, that enhance the immune response against cancer cells or overcome their immune evasion strategies.
Hormone therapy kills cancer cells by blocking their hormone receptors and preventing their growth. Hormone therapy uses drugs that either inhibit the production or action of hormones, such as estrogen or testosterone, that stimulate the growth of hormone-dependent cancers, such as breast or prostate cancer.
Choice A reason:
Chemotherapy kills cancer cells by interfering with their DNA synthesis and replication. Chemotherapy drugs are cytotoxic agents that target rapidly dividing cells, such as cancer cells, and disrupt their cell cycle, DNA repair, or DNA replication mechanisms. This leads to cell death or apoptosis.
Choice B reason:
Radiation therapy kills cancer cells by exposing them to high-energy radiation that damages their DNA. Radiation therapy uses ionizing radiation, such as x-rays, gamma rays, or protons, that create free radicals that break DNA strands and cause mutations or chromosomal aberrations in cancer cells.
Choice C reason:
Immunotherapy kills cancer cells by stimulating the immune system to recognize and destroy them. Immunotherapy uses biological agents, such as monoclonal antibodies, cytokines, vaccines, or adoptive cell transfer, that enhance the immune response against cancer cells or overcome their immune evasion strategies.
Choice D reason:
Hormone therapy kills cancer cells by blocking their hormone receptors and preventing their growth. Hormone therapy uses drugs that either inhibit the production or action of hormones, such as estrogen or testosterone, that stimulate the growth of hormone-dependent cancers, such as breast or prostate cancer.