Neoplasia
Neoplasia ( 5 Questions)
A nurse is teaching a client who has a family history of colon cancer about the risk factors and prevention strategies for the disease. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?
"You should have a colonoscopy every 10 years starting at age 50 to screen for colon cancer." This statement is not correct for a client who has a family history of colon cancer, as they have a higher risk of developing the disease than the general population. They should have a colonoscopy every 5 years starting at age 40 or 10 years earlier than the age at which their relative was diagnosed with colon cancer.
Dietary factors are important risk factors for colon cancer, as they can affect the composition and metabolism of the intestinal flora and the production of carcinogens or protective substances in the colon. Red meat, processed meat, and high-fat foods can increase the risk of colon cancer by increasing the production of heterocyclic amines, nitrosamines, or bile acids that can damage the colonic mucosa and promote tumor growth.
"You should take aspirin daily to prevent inflammation and polyp formation in your colon." This statement is not correct for a client who has a family history of colon cancer, as they may have other medical conditions or contraindications that make aspirin use unsafe or inappropriate for them. Aspirin is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that can reduce the risk of colon cancer by inhibiting cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme that stimulates inflammation and angiogenesis in the colon. However, aspirin can also cause side effects such as bleeding, ulcers, or allergic reactions in some clients.
"You should increase your intake of calcium and vitamin D to protect your colon from cancer." This statement is not correct for a client who has a family history of colon cancer, as there is insufficient evidence to support the role of calcium and vitamin D in preventing colon cancer. Calcium and vitamin D may have some protective effects on the colon by binding to bile acids or regulating cell proliferation and differentiation in the colonic mucosa. However, they may also have adverse effects on other organs or systems, such as increasing the risk of kidney stones or cardiovascular disease.
Choice B reason:
Dietary factors are important risk factors for colon cancer, as they can affect the composition and metabolism of the intestinal flora and the production of carcinogens or protective substances in the colon. Red meat, processed meat, and high-fat foods can increase the risk of colon cancer by increasing the production of heterocyclic amines, nitrosamines, or bile acids that can damage the colonic mucosa and promote tumor growth.
Choice A reason:
"You should have a colonoscopy every 10 years starting at age 50 to screen for colon cancer." This statement is not correct for a client who has a family history of colon cancer, as they have a higher risk of developing the disease than the general population. They should have a colonoscopy every 5 years starting at age 40 or 10 years earlier than the age at which their relative was diagnosed with colon cancer.
Choice C reason:
"You should take aspirin daily to prevent inflammation and polyp formation in your colon." This statement is not correct for a client who has a family history of colon cancer, as they may have other medical conditions or contraindications that make aspirin use unsafe or inappropriate for them. Aspirin is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that can reduce the risk of colon cancer by inhibiting cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme that stimulates inflammation and angiogenesis in the colon. However, aspirin can also cause side effects such as bleeding, ulcers, or allergic reactions in some clients.
Choice D reason:
"You should increase your intake of calcium and vitamin D to protect your colon from cancer." This statement is not correct for a client who has a family history of colon cancer, as there is insufficient evidence to support the role of calcium and vitamin D in preventing colon cancer. Calcium and vitamin D may have some protective effects on the colon by binding to bile acids or regulating cell proliferation and differentiation in the colonic mucosa. However, they may also have adverse effects on other organs or systems, such as increasing the risk of kidney stones or cardiovascular disease.