Choice A rationale:

Reduce blood volume and viscosity.

Rationale: The primary goal of treatment for a patient with primary polycythemia is to reduce blood volume and viscosity.

This helps prevent complications such as thrombosis, which can occur due to increased blood thickness.

Phlebotomy is commonly used to achieve this goal by removing excess red blood cells.

Choice B rationale:

Administer low-dose aspirin.

Rationale: Administering low-dose aspirin may be a part of the treatment plan to reduce the risk of blood clots, but it is not the primary goal.

The primary goal is to decrease blood volume and viscosity.

Choice C rationale:

Correct dehydration and fluid loss.

Rationale: Correcting dehydration and fluid loss is important but not the primary goal of treatment for primary polycythemia.

The primary goal is to address the increased red blood cell production and thickened blood.

Choice D rationale:

Perform phlebotomy to reduce hematocrit.

Rationale: This is a correct statement and aligns with the primary goal of treatment for primary polycythemia.

Phlebotomy is a key intervention to reduce hematocrit levels and, consequently, blood volume and viscosity.