Blood transfusion
Blood transfusion ( 30 Questions)
The nurse observes that the patient has developed fever, chills, back pain, chest pain, dyspnea, and jaundice.
What type of transfusion reaction is the patient most likely experiencing?
A febrile nonhemolytic reaction typically presents with fever, chills, and rigors but is not associated with back pain, chest pain, dyspnea, or jaundice. It is often caused by antibodies to leukocytes or platelets in the donor's blood. This reaction is usually mild and self-limiting.
Allergic reactions typically present with symptoms like urticaria, pruritus, flushing, and can include mild to moderate fever, but they do not cause back pain, chest pain, dyspnea, or jaundice. These reactions are usually associated with sensitivity to plasma proteins or allergens in the blood product.
Acute hemolytic reactions involve the rapid destruction of red blood cells, leading to the release of hemoglobin into the bloodstream. This can cause fever, chills, back pain, chest pain, dyspnea, and jaundice, making it the most likely reaction in this case. It is usually due to ABO incompatibility between the donor and recipient blood.
Transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO) typically presents with symptoms related to volume overload, such as pulmonary edema, hypertension, and tachycardia. It does not typically manifest with fever, chills, back pain, chest pain, dyspnea, or jaundice.
Acute hemolytic reaction.
Choice A rationale:
A febrile nonhemolytic reaction typically presents with fever, chills, and rigors but is not associated with back pain, chest pain, dyspnea, or jaundice.
It is often caused by antibodies to leukocytes or platelets in the donor's blood.
This reaction is usually mild and self-limiting.
Choice B rationale:
Allergic reactions typically present with symptoms like urticaria, pruritus, flushing, and can include mild to moderate fever, but they do not cause back pain, chest pain, dyspnea, or jaundice.
These reactions are usually associated with sensitivity to plasma proteins or allergens in the blood product.
Choice C rationale:
Acute hemolytic reactions involve the rapid destruction of red blood cells, leading to the release of hemoglobin into the bloodstream.
This can cause fever, chills, back pain, chest pain, dyspnea, and jaundice, making it the most likely reaction in this case.
It is usually due to ABO incompatibility between the donor and recipient blood.
Choice D rationale:
Transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO) typically presents with symptoms related to volume overload, such as pulmonary edema, hypertension, and tachycardia.
It does not typically manifest with fever, chills, back pain, chest pain, dyspnea, or jaundice.